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taken a taxi. 路這么近,我們本來沒必要坐出租車來的。 should/ought to+have done 常用來表示句子的主語 “ 過去本該做而實(shí)際上卻沒做 ” 的事,常帶有后悔、埋怨或責(zé)備的口氣,可譯作 “ 本該 ?? 的 ” 。 ought to 比 should語氣強(qiáng)。 The bus has should have e here a few minutes earlier. 那班車開走了,你本該早來這兒幾分鐘。 shouldn39。t/oughtn39。t to+have done 表示 “ 過去本不該做而實(shí)際上卻做了 ” ,可譯作“ 本不應(yīng)該 ?? (但卻 )” 。 You oughtn39。t to have talked to your mother like that.你本不該那樣對(duì)你母親說話的。 would+have done 表示過去本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做,通常用來說明某種情況,但不含責(zé)備之意。 I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我本來要早點(diǎn)給你寫信的,但我生病了。 (實(shí)際沒寫 ) had better+ have done 用于事后的建議,含有輕微責(zé)備的口吻,意思是 “ 當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事 ” ,其否定形式為 had better not have done. We had better have followed his advice. 我們當(dāng)時(shí)最好聽取他的建議。 would rather+have done 表示 “ 當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事 ” ,其否定形式為would rather not have done表示相反的含義,兩者都表示 “ 后悔 ” 的意思。 I was angry with her, but now I would rather not have done that. 我曾很生她的氣,但現(xiàn)在我希望沒有那樣做。 即學(xué)即用 語法填空 (1)They ________have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 答案: should 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 。 should have done意為 “ 本該做某事 (但實(shí)際上未做 )” , 符合句意 。 句意:他們本該在午飯的時(shí)候到達(dá) , 但是他們的航班延誤了 。 (2)I________ (go)through that bitter period without your generous help. 答案: couldn39。t have gone 考查虛擬語氣 。 句意:如果沒有你們慷慨相助 , 我不可能度過那段艱辛的歲月 。 表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬時(shí) , 主句常用 “ would/could/should/might+have done”。 (3)We________ (put)John39。s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. 答案: would have put 考查虛擬語氣 。 句意:要不是因?yàn)榧s翰最近受傷的緣故 , 我們昨天就把他的名字寫在參賽名單上了 。 根據(jù)句意及 but for(倘若沒有 , 要不是 )可知 , 這里考查針對(duì)過去的虛擬 , 所 以 主 句 謂 語 部 分 要 由would/could/might/should+ have done的形式構(gòu)成 。 (4)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. —How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone________(steal)it. 答案: might have stolen 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 。 根據(jù)語境可知 ,手提包失而復(fù)得 。 這里是猜測(cè) , 但并不確定 , 意為 “ 這個(gè)手提包可能會(huì)被偷 ” 。 might的可能性小 。 (5)I ________ have watched that movie—it39。ll give me horrible dreams. 答案: shouldn39。t 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 。 shouldn39。t have done“ 本不應(yīng)該做某事而做了 ” , 表示與過去事實(shí)相反 , 符合句意 。 句意為:我本不應(yīng)該去看那部電影 ——這會(huì)讓我做可怕的夢(mèng) 。 (6)Jack described his father, who ________ (be)a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man. 答案: must have been 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 。 句中包含一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞 who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句 , 由定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語many years ago可知 , 此處應(yīng)是對(duì)過去發(fā)生動(dòng)作的肯定的推測(cè) ,故用 “ must have done”結(jié)構(gòu) , 理解為 “ (過去 )一定 ?? ” 。 (7)Mark ________ hav