季節(jié)性商品的運(yùn)營(yíng)策略(編輯修改稿)
2025-01-24 17:42 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 n = gamma distribution with shape parameter (also called Erlangian distribution) ? G = general distribution 排隊(duì)論 ? M/M/1 ? 到達(dá)間隔時(shí)間的分布 λ /服務(wù)時(shí)間的分布 μ /服務(wù)臺(tái)數(shù) ? 指數(shù)分布 —服務(wù)時(shí)間、消耗品壽命、出故障時(shí)間 ? 等待時(shí)間與利用率（服務(wù)強(qiáng)度、話務(wù)強(qiáng)度）的指數(shù)關(guān)系 ? LITTLE 公式：隊(duì)長(zhǎng) =到達(dá)率 *等待時(shí)間 ? 本科生人數(shù) =4年 *每年入學(xué)人數(shù) = 4年 *每年畢業(yè)人數(shù) – 穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，長(zhǎng)期 ? 成本 —服務(wù)臺(tái)數(shù) —等待時(shí)間 —客戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意 ? 模擬仿真 ? 隨著利用率接近 1，等待時(shí)間（排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)度）呈指數(shù)增長(zhǎng)。 ? 利用率（服務(wù)強(qiáng)度）（ utilization, or traffic intensity) 高的時(shí)候（接近于 1），增加投入（如增加服務(wù)臺(tái)以降低利用率）的效果非常明顯，等待時(shí)間會(huì)明顯減少； ? 利用率較低時(shí)，增加投入的效果不大。 ? The average waiting time for different utilizations is much bigger than the waiting time for the average utilization. ? 一高一低的利用率的排隊(duì)會(huì)遠(yuǎn)大于等利用率的排隊(duì)。 Suggestions for Managing Queues 1. Determine an acceptable waiting time for your customers 2. Try to divert your customer’s attention when waiting 3. Inform your customers of what to expect 4. Keep employees not serving the customers out of sight 5. Segment customers Suggestions for Managing Queues (Continued) 6. Train your servers to be friendly 7. Encourage customers to e during the slack periods 8. Take a longterm perspective toward getting rid of the queues Queuing Approximation ? This approximation is quick way to analyze a queuing situation. Now, both interarrival time and service time distributions are allowed to be general. ? In general, average performance measures
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