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of CICS paperless office capabilities. ? In the early days of IBM mainframes, puter software was free (bundled at no extra charge with puter hardware). The OS/360 operating system and application support software like CICS were open to IBM customers long before the open source software initiative. Corporations like Standard Oil of Indiana (Amoco) made major contributions to CICS. ? The IBM Des Plaines team tried to add support for popular nonIBM terminals like the ASCII Teletype Model 33 ASR, but the small lowbudget software development team could not afford the $100permonth hardware to test it. IBM executives incorrectly felt that the future would be like the past with batch processing using traditional punch cards. ? IBM reluctantly provided only minimal funding when public utility panies, banks and creditcard panies demanded a costeffective realtime puting system (similar to the 1965 IBM Airline Control Program used by the American Airlines Sabre puter reservations system) for highspeed data accessandupdate to customer information f