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ive specification,[2] a suite of protocols produced by the International Telemunication Union (ITU) in the 1980s. ? directory services were traditionally accessed via the Directory Access Protocol (DAP), which required the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol stack. LDAP was originally intended to be a lightweight alternative protocol for accessing directory services through the simpler (and now widespread) TCP/IP protocol stack. This model of directory access was borrowed from the DIXIE and Directory Assistance Service protocols. ? Standalone LDAP directory servers soon followed, as did directory servers supporting both DAP and LDAP. The latter has bee popular in enterprises, as LDAP removed any need to deploy an OSI work. Today, directory protocols including DAP can also be used directly over TCP/IP. 樣例文本 C ? 在 TCP的連接創(chuàng)建狀態(tài),兩個(gè)主機(jī)的 TCP層間要交換初始序號(hào) (ISN:initial sequence number)。這些序號(hào)用于標(biāo)識(shí)字節(jié)流中的數(shù)據(jù),并且還是對(duì)應(yīng)用層的數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)進(jìn)行記數(shù)的整數(shù)。通常在每個(gè)