【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 0, she still had all her faculties. ? Mary has a remarkable faculty for adding large numbers in her head. ? Jane is a member of the faculty at the local university. immunity n. 1. protection or freedom (from sth.) 受保護(hù)；豁免 (權(quán) ) 2. ability to resist infection, disease, etc. 免疫力 Examples ? He was told that he would be granted immunity from prosecution (起訴 ) if he confessed the names of the other spies. ? diplomatic immunity (外交豁免權(quán) ) ? Most people have no immunity against that virus. threaten vt. 1. make a threat against (sb.) 威脅 ， 恐嚇 2. give a warning (of sth. bad) 預(yù)示 Examples ? They threatened their son with punishment. ? The dark clouds threaten a storm. The phrase “women and children” attributes to women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in fiveyearolds. Paraphrase ? Key: ? By classing women with children, we think that women are as helpless and innocent as little kids. More to learn dependence and moral simplicity — another way of saying “helplessness and innocence” attribute (a quality, feature, etc.) to sb./sth. — say or think that sb./sth. has got (that quality, feature, etc.) Examples ? He tends to attribute mean motives to other people. ? I wouldn39。t dream of attributing such a lack of judgment to you. The phrase “women and children” attributes to women the same dependence and moral simplicity we find in fiveyearolds. given — prep. considering 考慮到 a. 1. 規(guī)定的 ， 特定的； 2. 假設(shè)的；已知的 Examples ? Given their inexperience, they39。ve done a good job. ? Given (the fact) that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. ? The work must be done within the given time. ? under a given condition ? The given radius ( 半徑 ) being 4 ft., find the circumference (周長(zhǎng) ). More to learn given — used as a preposition The word given can be used as a preposition followed by a noun phrase or noun clause. If you say given something or given that something is true, you mean what is mentioned is considered or is taken into account. In formal English, given the chance, given the opportunity, etc. mean if one has the chance, the opportunity, etc. Examples ? Given his age, he is a remarkable fast runner. ? I39。m sure teaching is the right career for her, given (the fact) that she is interested in children. ? She could have done just as well as you have, given the chance. ? Given imagination, anything is possible. More to learn given More to learn Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English, using given clauses appropriately.(Ex. VIII, p. 208) 1. _______________(鑒于政府在失業(yè)問(wèn)題上的記錄 ), their chances of winning the election look poor. 2. _____________(鑒于兒童不能自立 ， 不能自衛(wèi) ), adults are responsible for granting them special protection. ? Given the government39。s record on unemployment ? Given children39。s helplessness and defenselessness given More to learn Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English, using given clauses appropriately.(Ex. VIII, p. 208) 3. ________________(如果天氣好的話 ), our ship will reach Yantai tomorrow morning. 4. ___________(鑒于免疫力弱 ), children and old people are advised not to stay in an airconditioned room for too long. ? Given good weather ? Given poor immunity given Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English, using given clauses appropriately.(Ex. VIII, p. 208) 5. _______________(鑒于女權(quán)主義者已為男女平等斗爭(zhēng)了多年 ), it is not surprising to find such new words as chairperson and Ms. in widespread use. 6. (如果再給我一次讀大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì) ), I would choose to study engineering rather than mathematics. ? Given that feminists have been fighting for gender/sexual equality for years ? Given one more chance to go to college More to learn Grammar Focus ? Use of the present participle in the absolute construction The adverbial present participle phrase has no overt subject and its understood subject provides a link with the main clause, while the absolute construction using the present participle has its own logical subject and is not overtly bound to the main clause, even on a semantic level, by any shared element. In grammatical functions, however, the two forms are similar. Examples: No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to a close. Weather permitting, we’ll start tomorrow. attach (to) vt. — 1. consider that sb. has a certain quality 2. fasten or join Examples ? The panel of scientists attaches great importance to his research on genes. ? Chinese movies used to attach every good quality to a hero. ? A label is attached to each piece of luggage. ? Bill attached a big bow (蝴蝶結(jié) ) to the birthday present. …, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as life boat seats were being handed out. Examples ? The job is open to any suitably qualified person regardless of age, gender or race. ? Sociologists believe that gender differences in voting will gradually disappear as women bee more politicized. ? In German, the gender of the word Hund, meaning dog , is masculine (陽(yáng)性的 ). More to learn gender equality = sex equality n. 1. (生理上的 )性； 2. (名詞 、 代詞等的 )性 — Gender means sex but is especially used in job advertisements, in writing about politics and society, as well as in grammar, while sex is a general word. …, it was only fair that a new standard of gender equality not suddenly be proclaimed just as life boat seats were being handed out. proclaim vt. — make known officially or publicly。 declare Note: Proclaim implies a clear, forceful, authoritative oral declaring of something, often of national importance. Examples ? The president proclaimed a day of mourning. ? The American colonies