【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ? 8. are less permissive sexually or manifest more guilt or negativity about sexuality, although some researchers have not observed this pattern and others have reported a substantially reduced correlation with the effects of sexrole attitudes partialled out。 ? 9. are more likely to manifest high levels of authoritarianism and related personality characteristics. (source: . Studies on Effects of Homophobia show: ? Students who describe themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgendered are five times more likely to miss school because of feeling unsafe and 28% are forced to drop out. ? The vast majority of victims of antilesbian/gay violence possibly more than 80% never report the incident, often due to fear of being outed. ? 85% of teachers oppose integrating lesbian, gay and bisexual themes in their curricula. ? Due to sexual orientation discrimination, lesbians earn up to 14% less than their heterosexual female peers with similar jobs, education, age and residence, according to a 1995 study by the University of Maryland. . Studies (cont.) ? 42% of homeless youth identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual. ? 75% of people mitting hate crimes are under age 30 one in three are under 18 and some of the most pervasive antigay violence occurs in schools. ? Lesbian, gay and bisexual youth are at a four times higher risk for suicide than their straight peers. ? A 1994 survey of 191 employers revealed that 18% would fire, 27% would refuse to hire and 26% would refuse to promote a person they perceived to be lesbian, gay or bisexual. ? Source: Canadian Studies: ? Lack of research in Canada, especially on homosexual youth. ? According to Egale Canada: “Teens are among those most vulnerable to homophobic bullying” but also notes that: “Currently, there are no Canadian statistics except for a small scale study (77 youth) done in 1999 in . by the McCreary Centre Society.” () Canadian (cont.) (table below from Health Effects due to Homophobia: Report to Gay and Lesbian Health Services Sakatoon SK ? Other Canadian research shows that an “increased incidence of health and social problems found in the GLB population are related to the stigma and shame associated with living in a homophobic society” (Ryan, Brotman amp。 Rowe, 2022) ? Evidence of higher rates of depression ? Higher unemployment ? More likely to be victims of physical violence and antihomosexual homicide ? (source: The Human Impact of Homophobia, 2022 by Christopher Banks The Status of Homophobic Discrimination in Canada and the .: ? Typically, three most mon types of discrimination and oppression are: ? Ideological ? Legal ? Occupational Ideological Discrimination ? Enacted through homophobia ? When people believe gays are immoral: ? They belittle their lifestyle ? Tell jokes ? Deny housing, jobs, memberships ? Engage in hostile or violent acts ? Most JudeoChristian religions and Islam generally find homosexuality to be a sin although a few denominations tend to be more accepting of homosexuality (. the United Church allowed ordination of gays in 1988) Ideological (cont.) ? Buddhism only major religion that does not regard homosexuality as a sin ? Medicine and psychiatry considered homosexuality an illness in the past ? . in ., it was not until 1973 when the American Psychiatric Association stopped classifying it as such. ? Stereotypical beliefs equate sexual orientation and other prac