collectivismvsindividualism(編輯修改稿)
2025-08-11 18:11 本頁面
【文章內容簡介】 appointed to the PHILADELPHIA Orchestra, one of the top ten orchestras in the world, in 1982 was Italian Ricardo Muti. In an interview with the French magazine L’Express he was asked why Italy has produced such a large number of great conductors, including himself, and no major orchestras. He said that ‘Italian are too individualistic to play well in an orchestra.’ Case 2 ? Trandis and Vassiliou collected multimethod data from interviews, observations, questionnaires and tests, and did experiments to obtain some impression of the cultural differences between Greece and the US. They identified the Greek ingroup (family and friends) as relatively narrow, a source of protection, social insurance, and the setting within which one can relax. Relations with outgroup members (everybody else) are suspicious, petitive, and uncooperative. Ingroup authorities are accepted。 outgroup authorities are rejected, defied, undermined, and resented. The characteristics of individualism and collectivism can be summarized as follows: ? Individualism: ? Individual autonomy。 selforiented。 personal goals。 unique and independent。 individual privacy。 nuclear family。 individual rewards (equity)。 petition ? Collectivisim: ? Group unity and harmony。 grouporiented。 group goals。 conforming and interdependent。 group belongingness。 extended family。 equal distribution of reward (equality)。 cooperation 2. Individualism, isolation amp。 balance Misconceptions about individualism: 1) Individualism means isolationbeing alone, being outside society ? The belief that individualism means being alone leads people to say that individualism is inpatible with cooperation. ? the lone cowboy, the fearless gumsh
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