【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ：1. 串口采集數(shù)據(jù)；2. 用曲線動態(tài)顯示數(shù)據(jù)；3. 顯示時間；4. 鼠標(biāo)點擊讀數(shù)（確定所點擊位置的橫縱坐標(biāo)）。 上位機操作界面5. 電路制作與調(diào)試 電路制作電路的仿真主要通過Proteus軟件進行硬件電路的初步設(shè)計，能夠?qū)Ω髌骷M行合理布局，以及驗證邏輯是否正確。通過仿真可以避免因電路錯誤而將器件燒毀，并且能夠進一步了解軟件程序編寫是否正確，能否實現(xiàn)功能。仿真步驟如下：(1).安裝Proteus仿真軟件。(2).按照設(shè)計進行布局，畫電路圖，并連線。本設(shè)計先畫出單片機，然后將四位數(shù)碼管與單片機連接，再將ADC0809與單片機端口連接，進而將四個電位器與ADC0809連接，、。最后接電源和地線。 (3).認真檢查連線是否正確，各端口設(shè)置是否與程序中的一致，是否接電源和地。(4).。(5).點擊PLAY，觀察是否正常顯示及顯示結(jié)果。(6).改變電位器大小及轉(zhuǎn)換通道，再次觀察是否正常顯示結(jié)果。 下位機電路仿真軟件仿真遇到的第一個問題是點擊Proteus中Play后，四位數(shù)碼管不顯示結(jié)果，且電源供電正常，電路連接正確。經(jīng)測單片機I/O輸出端口電平后發(fā)現(xiàn)，即將程序下載到單片機內(nèi)，經(jīng)改后，解決了這個問題。軟件仿真遇到的第二個問題是點擊Proteus中Play后，四位數(shù)碼管顯示結(jié)果不是正常值。經(jīng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)下位機程序顯示模塊程序中的語句邏輯出現(xiàn)了問題，當(dāng)給每個數(shù)碼管均先用語句熄滅后，再逐個點亮后，顯示結(jié)果變?yōu)檎Ｖ?。軟件仿真遇到的第三個問題是撥動開關(guān)后，采集信號通道沒有發(fā)生改變。經(jīng)檢查后，發(fā)現(xiàn)開關(guān)另一端應(yīng)接地，而不是高電平。改過之后，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)用開關(guān)控制通道。 硬件電路制作硬件電路制作包括元器件的選擇、電路的焊接以及電路之間的連接。在通過Proteus軟件仿真通過后，將電路所需的元器件整理、列表、領(lǐng)取、購買。之后開始在焊接板上進行電路焊接。焊好后，用杜邦線按圖接到相應(yīng)管腳。認真檢查電路，確認無誤后，開始通電。通電后結(jié)果顯示于數(shù)碼管上，通過調(diào)節(jié)電位器阻值改變電壓大小，并觀察數(shù)碼管顯示結(jié)果是否正常。再按下按鍵開關(guān)以改變通道，之后調(diào)節(jié)該通道電位器繼續(xù)觀察。 下位機硬件實物圖硬件調(diào)試遇到的第一個問題是當(dāng)接通電源后，數(shù)碼管顯示結(jié)果不穩(wěn)定，一直閃爍。起初認為是軟件延遲時間過高，在改變延遲值后，數(shù)碼管依舊閃爍。經(jīng)過查詢資料發(fā)現(xiàn)是電流不夠，進而給單片機P0口再接一上拉排阻，且將電源功率增大。這一問題便得到解決。調(diào)試遇到的第二個問題是當(dāng)按下按鍵開關(guān)后，電路通道沒有切換。經(jīng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)在焊接電路時兩個按鍵開關(guān)的一端均接錯。在重新焊接后，功能得到實現(xiàn)。硬件電路調(diào)試遇到的第三個問題是在調(diào)試過程中，某次通電后，發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)碼管顯示的數(shù)值一直是174，無論按動開關(guān)還是改變電位器阻值都無法改變數(shù)碼管顯示值。經(jīng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)是在之后的焊接中將ADC0809燒壞。之后將整個電路重新焊接，并采用先焊接底座，之后將芯片插到底座上的方法解決掉這一問題。硬件調(diào)試遇到的第四個問題是將下位機用串口與上位機連接后，發(fā)現(xiàn)下位機采集到的數(shù)據(jù)信息無法上傳到上位機。遇到這個問題首先想到的是串口電路是否工作正常，用其他已完善的程序下載到單片機后，再次與上位機連接并通過串口調(diào)試工具檢測，發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸正常，結(jié)果正確，便確定了是串口程序出了問題。在反復(fù)檢查下位機程序、查詢資料后，重新改寫了部分程序。問題便得到了解決。結(jié)論本設(shè)計介紹的是基于單片機的多路數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)，用于對4路模擬量進行采集，并顯示采集到的數(shù)值。本系統(tǒng)使用ADC0809對模擬量進行轉(zhuǎn)換，用ATC89C52單片機作為系統(tǒng)核心，控制ADC0809以及將采集到的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送至上位機。通過四位共陰數(shù)碼管顯示轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)值，將采集過程中模擬量的變化以及通道的切換用上位機動態(tài)顯示并以坐標(biāo)的形式繪制出來。雖然本次設(shè)計已基本完成設(shè)計目標(biāo)，但是還有不足之處。主要表現(xiàn)在顯示時不夠穩(wěn)定，時而就會出現(xiàn)數(shù)值跳變，這種情況是由于杜邦線與排針連接時有松動。若采用PCB制板，將復(fù)雜的引腳連接通過制板時繪制到電路中，這種情況就會得到解決。對信號的采集形式有些單一，若能將其他3路分別采集溫度、濕度、光照強度信號會提高系統(tǒng)的實用性，可以通過傳感器等器件來實現(xiàn)對不同信號形式的采集。致謝致謝人：日期：2013年6月4日參考文獻[1][M].哈爾濱：電子工業(yè)出版社,2009.[2]（第二版）[M] .西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)社,2008.[3]（第三版）[M].北京：清華大學(xué)出版社.[4]童詩白,[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000[5][M].北京：機械工業(yè)出版社,2010.[6] Michael Halvorson. Visual Basic 2010入門到精通[M].張麗蘋,湯涌濤,：清華大學(xué)出版社,2011.[7]葉紅海,[J].佳木斯大學(xué)學(xué)報,2008,4:1.[8]王琳,商周,[J].電測與儀表,2004,464:1.[9]劉剛,秦永左,[M].北京：北京大學(xué)出版社,2006.附錄A 英文文獻原文Data Acquisition: An IntroductionBruxton CorporationThis is an informal introduction digital data acquisition hardware. It is primarily directed towards assisting in the selection of appropriate hardware for recording with the Acquire program.OverviewIn principle, data acquisition hardware is quite simple. An A/D converter delivers a sequence of values representing an analog signal to an acquisition program. In practice, selecting and properly using data acquisition hardware is more plex. This document provides an informal introduction to the topic..Many of the examples are taken from patchclamp recording. This technique requires accurate acquisition of lowlevel signals (picoamperes) with bandwidth in the audio range (up to 10kHz).BackgroundA data acquisition system converts a signal derived from a sensor into a sequence of digital values. The sensor is connected to an amplifier, which converts the signal into a potential. The amplifier is in turn connected to a digitizer, which contains an A/D converter. The digitizer produces a sequence of values representing the signal.Signal SourceThe source of most signals to be digitized is a sensor, connected to an amplifier with appropriate signal conditioning. The amplifier delivers an electrical signal. This signal is then digitized using an A/D converter.For patchclamp recording, the sensors are solution filled pipettes. The pipette is connected to a patchclamp amplifier that converts the voltage at the pipette or the current through the pipette to a highlevel signal. By convention, the fullscale output range of a patchclamp amplifier is 177。10V, matching the range of mon instrumentation quality digitizers.DigitizerA digitizer converts one or more channels of analog signal to a sequence of corresponding digital values. The heart of a digitizer is an A/D converter, a device that samples an analog signal and converts the sample to a digital value.For example, for recording from a single ion channel, the digitizer might determine the output of the patch clamp amplifier once every 50ms and provide the resulting value to the puter.Sampling TheoremThe purpose of data acquisition is to analyze an analog signal in digital form. For this to be possible, the sequence of values produced by a digitizer must represent the original analog signal.The sampling theorem states that this is the case. The sampling theorem states that an analog signal can be reconstructed from a sequence of samples taken at a uniform interval, as long as the sampling frequency is no less than double the signal bandwidth. For example, assume a signal contains frequencies from DC (0Hz) to 10kHz. This signal must be sampled at a rate of at least 20kHz to be reconstructed properly.As a practical matter, the sampling rate should be several times the minimum sampling rate for the highest frequency of interest. For example, to resolve a 10kHz signal, a minimum sampling rate of 20kHz is required, but a sampling rate of 50kHz or more should be used in practice.ControlMost of this discussion is about digitizing analog signals for a puter. In many cases, a puter also produces analog control signals. For example, in patchclamp experiments involving voltagegated ion channels, the puter is frequently used to produce an electrical stimulus to activate the channels. These control signals are produced using a D/A (digital to analog) converter.From Sensors to SignalsMany signal sources consist of a sensor and an amplifier. The amplifier converts the output of the sensor into the signal to be digitized.PreamplifierMany instrumentation systems are built with a preamplifier located as close to the sensor as possible. A separate amplifier converts the preampli