【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 框進(jìn)行相關(guān)參數(shù)的設(shè)定。對話框是多頁的，首先您根據(jù)頁面標(biāo)簽選擇頁面(直方圖的類型)，然后根據(jù)對話框上部的統(tǒng)計值(最大值和最小值)來設(shè)定您的分組參數(shù)。不同類型的直方圖的繪圖參數(shù)略不同。如果是柱形圖，并且對原始數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行過統(tǒng)計，則將“利用已有分組”選擇框打勾，這樣就不需要重新進(jìn)行分組與統(tǒng)計。利用這一功能，您可以手工輸入分組數(shù)據(jù)，建立一個不需要統(tǒng)計分組的直方圖。其方法是點擊按鈕，將界面切換到分組數(shù)據(jù)位置。在此位置有關(guān)于用戶如何手工輸入分組數(shù)據(jù)的提示。當(dāng)分組數(shù)據(jù)輸入完成后再次點擊該按鈕，返回到原來的位置。當(dāng)統(tǒng)計參數(shù)(分組起點值、終點值、分組間隔等、坐標(biāo)軸類型等)設(shè)置好點擊確定，程序?qū)⒆詣油瓿山y(tǒng)計與繪圖任務(wù)。圖3是根據(jù)圖3(上)設(shè)定的參數(shù)完成的直方圖實例?！D2 直方圖參數(shù)設(shè)定界面圖3 直方圖實例5．設(shè)置圖形格式當(dāng)完成如圖48所示的直方圖后，如果感覺對格式不滿意，您可以修改圖形的有關(guān)格式，包括坐標(biāo)的設(shè)置和圖形格式的設(shè)置。1)圖形格式：首先就選中圖中的一個系列(Excel稱為圖表系列)，然后點擊按鈕。彈出格式設(shè)置對話框。你可以對柱形圖設(shè)置邊框色與充填色(或充填花紋)；對線型圖，可以設(shè)置線型(包括線型、粗細(xì)、顏色等)。2)坐標(biāo)軸(X軸)的設(shè)置：點擊，彈出坐標(biāo)軸設(shè)置對話框(圖4)，設(shè)置好相關(guān)參數(shù)后，點擊確定即可。圖4 X軸坐標(biāo)設(shè)置對話框6．其它功能保存、打印與前述方法相同，建議使用“直方圖”工具欄的相關(guān)按鈕來完成相關(guān)任務(wù)。CIPW標(biāo)準(zhǔn)礦物計算1. 功能簡介本程序的CIPW標(biāo)準(zhǔn)礦物計算主要用于火成巖CIPW標(biāo)準(zhǔn)礦物計算，適用于基性巖到酸性巖各類巖石。為方便作圖（與散點圖程序配套），該程序部分還附帶有兩組巖石化學(xué)參數(shù)計算，即Batchelor的多陽離子R1－R2圖解中R1和R2和值和Pearce的玄武巖構(gòu)造環(huán)境判別圖所用的FFF3值 及常用巖石化學(xué)參數(shù)，如 A/CNK、SI、AR、σ4σ25等。2. 啟 動見運行 部分3. 認(rèn)識工作窗口（界面）啟動本程序后，程序?qū)⒃贓xcel 工作表中添加一個浮動工具欄。4. 數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備本軟件所使用的數(shù)據(jù)格式如下：原始數(shù)據(jù)可存放于任何 Excel 工作薄文件任一表格中，只要它處在活動狀態(tài)就可計算。工作表的第一列為樣品號，在有效范圍內(nèi)不得有空格，否則空格所在行及其以下的樣品不參與計算。工作表的第一行為變量名，在有效范圍內(nèi)不得有空格。第二列為巖石類型，可以不填。從第三列起，變量按下表的習(xí)慣順序排列，順序不得打亂，也不得跳過；缺項可用空格，也可輸入0 值。以下是一個數(shù)據(jù)格式樣表:蘭色背景部分(Cl前面的元素及氧化物)單位為%,黃色背景部分(Sr后面的元素)單位為ppm，SO3和S是不同相態(tài)的硫，前者形成硬石膏，后者生成黃鐵礦。如果您的數(shù)據(jù)庫中有相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)，可以直接從數(shù)據(jù)庫中調(diào)出，方法是點擊工具欄中的數(shù)據(jù)庫按鈕，然后選擇你經(jīng)加載的數(shù)據(jù)。5. 隱藏示例工作表打開CIPW工作薄文件后你可以看到上述數(shù)據(jù)表，這是程序自帶的實例，并為您顯示了數(shù)據(jù)的格式。您可以把這些數(shù)據(jù)刪除掉，并換上您自己的數(shù)據(jù)，但不要刪除表頭(表頭已被保護)。您自己的數(shù)據(jù)可以存放在另外的工作薄文件中。只要是按此格式編排(含表頭)，在它打開并且是處于可見(活動)狀態(tài)時就可進(jìn)行計算，不必把數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制到此表中。當(dāng)不需要顯示程序所帶的示例數(shù)據(jù)時，您可以把它隱藏起來，以突出你自己的數(shù)據(jù)(工作薄文件)，方法是點擊CIPW工具欄中的工作表按鈕就可了。當(dāng)需要顯示時，只需再按一次該按鈕。6. 計算當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備好后點擊浮動工具欄中的“CIPW標(biāo)準(zhǔn)礦物計算”按鈕即可完成全部計算。計算結(jié)果保存在一個新的工作表中。7. 保存計算結(jié)果保存結(jié)果請用 CIPW浮動工具欄中的“保存”按鈕，可保存當(dāng)前工作表，即當(dāng)前工作表是原始數(shù)據(jù)則只保存原始數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)前工作表是CIPW標(biāo)準(zhǔn)礦物計算結(jié)果則自動保存計算結(jié)果。注意事項如果您是用原Excel系統(tǒng)中的有關(guān)保存工具保存結(jié)果（正常情況下，當(dāng)“CIPW標(biāo)準(zhǔn)礦物計算結(jié)果”工作薄處于活動狀態(tài)時，系統(tǒng)中的有關(guān)保存工具欄和菜單項處于不可用狀態(tài)），當(dāng)您再次打開這個結(jié)果工作薄時，您會發(fā)現(xiàn)，您所打開的只是一個空白表格。應(yīng)當(dāng)避免使用原系統(tǒng)的保存工具保存文件。8.附：CIPW標(biāo)準(zhǔn)礦物計算方法The CIPW norm is named for the four petrologists, Cross, Iddings, Pirsson and Washington, who devised it in 1931What is a Norm and Why is it Needed?A norm is a means of converting the chemical position of an igneous rock to an ideal mineral position. It often reveals similarities in rocks that have quite differentmodes, or observed mineral assemblages. Some of the factors that can cause such variations are: Disequilibrium (for example, zoned minerals or reaction rims isolating the interiors of grains) Temperature Pressure Alteration Water content (otherwise identical rocks might contain biotite, amphibole, or pyroxene, depending on water content) Other minor constituents. For example, excess sulfur or chlorine might cause scapolite to form instead of feldspar. Boron typically causes tourmaline to form.The CIPW norm calculates mineral position as if the magma were anhydrous (water is simply treated as a separate phase) and at low pressure. Other more plex norms have been devised for highpressure or very hydrous situations. In an ideal world, a norm would match the observed mineral phases perfectly. To create such a norm, we would have to understand magma crystallization perfectly (and we don39。t), and the norm would be extremely plex to calculate.Logic of CalculationThe logic of calculating a norm is simple even if the steps are tedious. Deal with the simplest and most predictable minerals first, then apply corrections if the rock is silicadeficient. Allocate the most predictable elementso Allot Common Substitution Elements to Major ElementsNickel and manganese are bined with ferrous iron, strontium and barium with calcium.o Allot Minor Elements to Accessory Minerals. These include P (Apatite), S, (Pyrite), Cr (Chromite), F, (Fluorite), CO2(Calcite) and Zr (Zircon)o Allot Titanium to ilmenite or sphene. Later on, Ti may need to be alloted to perovskite or rutile.o Allot Calcium and Aluminum to anorthite. Provisionally form silicasaturated silicateso Provisionally Allot Alkalis and Aluminumo Begin Alloting Iron and Magnesiumo Create Provisional Pyroxeneso Silica Excess forms Quartzo If there is no silica deficit, calculation is plete. Convert Provisional Minerals to Remove Silica Deficito Convert Hypersthene to Olivineo Convert Sphene to Perovskiteo Convert Albite to Nephelineo Convert Orthoclase to Leuciteo Convert Wollastonite and Diopside to Calcium Orthosilicate (Rare)o Convert Orthoclase to Kaliophilite (Rare)Calculating the NormPreliminary Comments Convert all weight percentages to molecular percentages. All quantities are running amounts。 that is, use the quantity remaining after any previous calculations. Formulas follow mon puter program syntax. For example, FeO = FeO + MnO + NiO means sum FeO, MnO and NiO, then replace the value of FeO with the calculated value. Provisional calculations are denoted by P*。 for example, P*Albite means a provisional quantity for albite, which may be converted later on to nepheline. Any provisional amounts remaining at the end bee final amounts.Allot Common Substitution Elements to Major Elements FeO = FeO + MnO + NiO CaO = CaO + BaO + SrOAllot Minor Elements to Accessory Minerals Apatite = P2O5, CaO = CaO (10/3)P2O5, P2O5= 0 Pyrite = S, FeO = FeO S/2, S = 0 Chromite = Cr2O3, FeO = FeO Cr2O3, Cr2O3= 0 Fluorite = F, CaO = CaO F, F =