【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 moving. ? (Encouraging, inspiring, exciting, interesting….) 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 , 表示主動意義 ,它與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成 主謂關(guān)系 ,通?？筛臑槎ㄕZ從句。它從以下兩方面來說明中心詞。 Don’t wake up the sleeping boy. = Don’t wake up the boy who is sleeping I don’ t know the man writing something over there. =I don’ t know the man who is writing something over there. ? 用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的執(zhí)行者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系； ? 賓補 , 如 : see, look at ,watch, notice, find, observe, listen to, hear, smell taste, feel… 表示正在進行的意義 ? We found them reading in the classroom. 4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果 , 讓步、伴隨 或方式等狀語。 ? B. 作使役動詞的 賓補 , 如 : have, get, keep , send, leave, catch… 表示”使 … 進行 /處于 (某種狀態(tài) )” ,強調(diào)動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)性 . ? Can you keep the clock going? ? 1)作時間狀語 , 可以表示三個時間概念 ? ,相當(dāng)于 “ as soon as” 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 ? Hearing the good news, he jumped up with joy. ? = As soon as he heard the good news, he … ? = On hearing the good news, he… ? 過程中 ,表示”在做某事期間”相當(dāng)于由 when/while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 ? Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. ? = When/While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend. ? = When/While walking in the street, I came across … ,分詞就要用完成時。如 : Having done his homework, the boy went out to play. Having written his position, he began to do his Maths homework. ? 2)作原因狀語 ,相當(dāng)于由 because/as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. =Because/As he was ill, he didn’t go … Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice. = Because/As he didn’t know what to do next, he went to … ,分詞就要用完成時。 Having seen the film many times, he didn’t go to see it last night. ? 3)作條件狀語 ,相當(dāng)于由 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 (If) Using your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find … ? 4)作讓步狀語 ,相當(dāng)于由 although/though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句 ? Although/Though getting up early, he was late for the meeting. ? = Although/Though he got up early, he was late for the meeting. ? 5)作伴隨狀語 (方式狀語 ),表示同謂語的動作同時發(fā)生 ,相當(dāng)于由并列連詞連接的兩個并列動作。 ? They sat there on the stone, talking with each other. ? =They sat there on the stone and talked with each other. ? 注意 :只有現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式才可作伴隨狀語 ,且常放于主句后。 ? 6)作結(jié)果狀語 ,現(xiàn)在分詞的動作 同謂語動詞的動作幾乎同時發(fā)生。 ? The mother died, leaving five children behind. ? They fired at the enemy, killing two. 現(xiàn)在分詞無論作何種狀語 , 它的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語 ,句子的 主語可能是分詞動作的執(zhí)行者 , 句子的 主語也可能是分詞動作的承受者。 但在一些表示說話者態(tài)度的固定表達方式中 , 分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子的主語是不一致的。這種結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有 : 1)generally/strickly/+speaking 2)Judging from…/talking of…/allowing for.. 3) Considering that …/seeing that… /supposing that… ? 注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。 ① 時間性 。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式 having done。 ② 語態(tài)性 。與句子的主語之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系。