【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 nd seriousness 高尚的道德潔凈性和認(rèn)真性? A dedicated Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。 copyright for ck 第 8 頁(yè) Marlowe(克里斯托夫馬洛)? 代表作：共寫(xiě)了六個(gè)劇本，最重要的是, Tamburlain, Dr. Faustus, Jew of Melta, Edward II? Tamburlain 描寫(xiě)一個(gè)有野心的征服者 ,從牧師成為了國(guó)王? Dr. Faustus 是基于一個(gè)德國(guó)的傳說(shuō)，一個(gè)魔術(shù)師為了追求真理，把自己的靈魂賣(mài)給了魔鬼? 馬洛最大的成就：完善了無(wú)韻詩(shī)，并使之成為了英國(guó)戲劇的主要媒介? 馬洛第二個(gè)成就：文藝復(fù)興英雄的創(chuàng)造? 馬洛：英國(guó)戲劇的先行者? “有激情的牧羊人”是英國(guó)文學(xué)最美的歌詞As the most gifted of the “university wits”, Marlowe posed of six plays within his short lifetime. Among them the most important are:Tamburlaine, , The Jew of Malta, Edward II 愛(ài)德華.Tamburlaine is a play about an ambitious and pitiless 有野心的并且無(wú)情的conqueror [39。k??k?r?]征服者 in the 14th century who rose from a shepherd [39?！襡p?d]牧師 to an overpowering is a play based on the German legend of a magician [m?39。d?i∫?n]魔術(shù)師 aspiring [?s39。pai?ri?]追求 for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.The theme of :A It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness。B It also reveals man’s frustration in realizing the high aspirations[?230。sp?39。rei∫?n]志向 in a hostile moral order。 Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。 copyright for ck 第 9 頁(yè)C And the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of man’s condition.Marlowe’s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama.Marlowe’s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.Marlowe was best known as the pioneer[?pai?39。ni?] of English drama.The short poem “The passionate shepherd to his love” is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics 歌詞 in English Shakespeare(威廉莎士比亞)? 代表作：A 兩個(gè)敘述詩(shī)：維納斯和安東尼斯 B 六個(gè)喜劇：夏日晚上的夢(mèng)， 威尼斯商人，小題大做，只要你喜歡，第十二夜，溫莎女子 C 兩個(gè)悲?。毫_密歐和朱利葉， 朱利葉絲 D 最偉大的四大悲劇：Hamlet, Othello, King lear, Macbeth? 莎士比亞：偉大的劇作家和詩(shī)人，38 個(gè)劇本，154 個(gè)十四行詩(shī)，2 個(gè)長(zhǎng)詩(shī)? 莎士比亞關(guān)鍵二十年：15911611? 莎士比亞用獨(dú)白（soliloquies）提示人物內(nèi)心? 18 個(gè)十四行詩(shī)是莎士比亞最美的十四行詩(shī)? “To be or not to be”到自莎士比亞的村莊（Hamlet）? Shakespeare 認(rèn)為這樣一個(gè)原則：君主統(tǒng)一是必須的? “To be or not to be” means to live on or to die。 to suffer or to take action.? 許多人把“威尼斯商人”看作是基督徒的虛偽，對(duì)猶太人的不公正William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights 劇作家 and poets the world has ever know. With his 38 plays, 154 soos 十四行詩(shī) and Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。 copyright for ck 第 10 頁(yè)2 long poems, he has established his giant position in world literature.From about 1591 to about 1611, Shakespeare was in the prime of(正值壯年) his dramatic carrer.In 1593 and 1594, Shakespeare published two narrative poems 敘述詩(shī), Venus and Adonis 維納斯和安東尼斯 and The Rape of Lucrece 魯克斯受辱記.Shakespeare’s edies include: A Midsummer Night’s dream, The Merchant of Venice[39。venis]威尼斯, Much Ado[?39。du:] About Nothing 小題大做, As you like it, Twelfth night, The merry wives of windsor[39。winz?] 溫莎(姓氏)Shakespeare’s tragedies include: Remeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar. [39。d?u:lj?s] [39。si:z?]朱利葉斯(男子名)暴君The soliloquies [s?39。lil?kwi](pl. quies) 自言自語(yǔ)、獨(dú)白 in Shakespeare’s plays fully reveal the inner conflict of his characters.Son 18 is one of the most beautiful sons written by Shakespeare. The theme of this poem is: A nice summer’s day is usually transient[39。tr230。nzi?nt]短暫的, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permernence of poetry. ”To be, nor not to be—that is the question” is a line taken from Hamlet 村莊. Bacon(弗蘭西斯培根)? 代表作：Of studies, Novum Organum(新工具)? Bacon 認(rèn)為學(xué)術(shù)的長(zhǎng)進(jìn)是教育的一個(gè)重要階段 Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。 copyright for ck 第 11 頁(yè)? Bacon 認(rèn)為，人類(lèi)的理解力包括三個(gè)方法：對(duì)歷史的記憶，對(duì)詩(shī)歌的想像和創(chuàng)造，對(duì)人類(lèi)理性的哲學(xué)? Bacon 的詩(shī)：簡(jiǎn)短，致密，有力? Bacon 在 Of studies 中提出：某些書(shū)是需要嘗的，某些書(shū)需要吞，某些書(shū)需要咀噬和消化? Of studies 是 Bacon 的 58 行詩(shī)? Bacon 寫(xiě)的 Novum Organum(新工具)是用拉丁文寫(xiě)的一套方法（methodology）? Bacon’s Of Studies reveals to us his matute attitude to learning.? Of studies: 讀書(shū)使人充實(shí),討論使人有準(zhǔn)備,寫(xiě)作使人嚴(yán)謹(jǐn) (exact)? 培根的散文集是英國(guó)文學(xué)的典范The Advancement of Learning is a great tract on 育的一個(gè)重要階段According to Bacon, man’s understanding consists of three parts:A history to man’s memory。 B poetry to imagination and creation。 C and philosophy to man’s reason.Bacon’s essays are famous for their brevity[39。brev?t?]簡(jiǎn)短, pactness[k?m39。p230。ktnis]致密性、密度 and powerfulness. “Studies serve for delight, for ornament[39。?:n?m?nt]修飾, and for ability” is a line taken from Bacon’s Of Studies.In his essay of Of studies, Bacon said: “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.”O(jiān)f Studies is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Reading prehension for British and American Literature169。 copyright for ck 第 12 頁(yè)The theme of the Of Studies: It analyzes[ ]　 what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert[ ]施加　influence over human character.Novum Organum [39。?:ɡ?n?m]新工具 is written by Francis Bacon.Novum Organum is a successful treatise[39。tri:tiz]論文 written in latin on methodology[meθ?39。d?l?d??]一套方法. Donne(約翰 鄧恩)? 代表作：Sermons(說(shuō)教) ，日出? 特點(diǎn)：metaphysical school(形而上學(xué)流派)? 基本主旨：愛(ài)情? John Donne 在 The Sun Rising 中 question the sun’s authorityThe term “metaphysical[?met?39。fizik?l]玄妙的、形而上學(xué)的 poetry” is monly used to name the work of the 17thcentury writers who