【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ficiaries find project goals acceptable ? 讓利益相關(guān)者參與進來，以確保目標(biāo)受益人覺得項目目標(biāo)可接受 ? Assess adverse impacts and determine how to mitigate ? 評估不利影響，并決定減緩方法 ? Assists in forming key oute measures ? 幫助形成關(guān)鍵的成果衡量方法 22 Common Questions during Social Assessment 社會評估階段的普遍問題 ? Who are the stakeholders? Are the objectives of the project consistent with their needs, interests, and capacities? ? 誰是利益相關(guān)者？ 項目目標(biāo)和需求、利益以及能力是否一致？ ? What social and cultural factors affect the ability of stakeholders to participate or benefit from the operations proposed? ? 哪些社會和文化因素會影響利益相關(guān)者參與提議活動或者從中受益？ (continued on next slide)（下頁續(xù)） 23 Common Questions (cont.) 普遍問題 （續(xù)） ? What is the impact of the project or program on the various stakeholders, particularly on women and vulnerable groups? What are the social risks that might affect the success of the project or program? ? 項目或計劃，對各種利益相關(guān)者，特別是女性或者弱勢團體，有什么影響？哪些社會風(fēng)險可能會影響項目或計劃的成功？ ? What institutional arrangements are needed for participation and project delivery? Are there adequate plans for building the capacity required for each? ? 為了參與和項目交付需要什么樣的制度安排？有沒有充足的方案來進行能力建設(shè)？ 24 Tools and Approaches 工具與方法 ? Stakeholder analysis ? 利益相關(guān)者分析 ? Gender analysis ? 性別分析 ? Participatory rural appraisal ? 參與式農(nóng)村評價 ? Observation, interviews, focus groups ? 考察、訪談、專題組討論 ? Mapping, analysis of tasks, wealth ranking ? 規(guī)劃、任務(wù)分析、財富排名 ? Workshops: objectiveoriented project planning, teamup ? 專題研討會：以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向的項目規(guī)劃，團隊協(xié)作 25 Environment and Social Assessment 環(huán)境和社會評估 ? Environment and Social (Eamp。S) addresses the impact of development on these issues ? 環(huán)境和社會評估探究的是發(fā)展對這些問題的影響 ? Development anizations are recognizing the role that local people can play in the design and implementation of interventions for the environment and natural resources ? 發(fā)展組織現(xiàn)在不斷認識到本地人群在設(shè)計或?qū)嵤┉h(huán)境和自然資源干預(yù)活動方面可發(fā)揮的作用 (continued on next slide) （下頁續(xù)） 26 Eamp。S Assessment (cont.) 環(huán)境和社會評估 （續(xù)） ? Eamp。S assessment may be the sole purpose of the exercise or it may be embedded in the project evaluation ? 環(huán)境和社會評估可能是任務(wù)的唯一目的或者是已經(jīng)包含在項目評價中了 ? Many interventions may have environmental impacts ? 許多干預(yù)活動可能會給環(huán)境帶來影響 ? Most development anizations adhere to core Eamp。S standards and must evaluate their implementation in projects and programs ? 大多數(shù)發(fā)展組織遵守環(huán)境社會核心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并且必須對項目和計劃的實施情況做出評價 27 Eamp。S Guidelines/ Standards/Strategies 環(huán)境和社會指導(dǎo)方針 /標(biāo)準(zhǔn) /戰(zhàn)略 ? Used to help assess the impact of the intervention on the ESHS ? 用于評估干預(yù)對環(huán)境、社會、健康、安全的影響 ? Three main sources三個主要來源 – Equator Principles 赤道原則 – ISO 14031 – Sustainable Development Strategies: A Resource Book 可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略：資料讀物 28 Participatory Evaluation 參與式評價 ? Representatives of agencies and stakeholders (including beneficiaries) work together in designing, carrying out and interpreting an evaluation ? 機構(gòu)和利益相關(guān)者（包括受益者）的代表共同設(shè)計、實施并解釋評價 ? Breaks from the audit ideal of independence ? 不具備審計獨立性 ? Breaks from scientific detachment ? 脫離科學(xué)分離 ? Responsibility for planning, implementing, evaluation, and reporting is shared with all stakeholders ? 規(guī)劃、實施、評價和匯報責(zé)任由所有利益相關(guān)者共同承擔(dān) ? Partnership based on dialogue and negotiation ? 合作伙伴關(guān)系建立在對話和協(xié)商的基礎(chǔ)上 29 Participatory Basic Principles 參與式評價的基本原則 ? Evaluation involves participants skills in goal setting, establishing priorities, selecting questions, analyzing data, and making decision on the data ? 評價涉及到參與者在制定目標(biāo)、確立優(yōu)先重點、選擇問題、分析數(shù)據(jù)和對數(shù)據(jù)做出決定等領(lǐng)域的技能 ? Participants own the evaluation — they make decisions and draw their own conclusions ? 參與者擁有評價 ——他們做決定并得出他們自己的結(jié)論 ? Participants ensure that the evaluation focuses on methods and results that they consider important ? 參與者確保評價的重點放在他們認為重要的方法和結(jié)果上 (continued on next slide) （轉(zhuǎn)下頁） 30 Participatory Basic Principles (cont.) 參與式評價的基本原則 （續(xù)） ? People work together and group unity is facilitated and promoted ? 各方通力合作，團結(jié)意識得到增強 ? All aspects of the evaluation are understandable and meaningful to participants ? 對參與者來說，評價的所有方面都是可以理解并有意義的 ? Self accountability is highly valued ? 高度重視自我負責(zé) ? Facilitators act as resources for learning ? 推動者充當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)的資源 ? Participants are decision makers and