【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ere the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Filters and low tar tobacco2 are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards. 詞匯：vaporize [39。ve?p?ra?z] v. （使）蒸發(fā) nicotine [39。n?k?ti:n] n. 尼古丁membrane [39。membrein] bronchus [39。br??k?s] n. 支氣管注釋：life expectancy: 預(yù)期壽命low tar tobacco: 焦油含量低的煙草1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.（一段）A. Right B .Wrong C. Not mentioned 2. Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy. （一段）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Smoking may induce lung cancer. （二段）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. （無）A. RightB .Wrong C. Not mentioned 5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers（二段）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 6. Nicotine is poisonous. （三段）A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 7. Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safer. （四段）A. Right B .Wrong C. Not mentioned答案與題解：1. B 該題說的是，判斷抽煙對健康是否有危害是容易的，但是，文章的第一句話是這么說的：自1939年以來進行了許多次研究，其目的都是為了判斷抽煙對健康是否是一種危害，可以看出判斷抽煙對健康是否是一種危害并不容易。2. A 該題說的是：抽煙會縮短人們的預(yù)期壽命。該題源于第一段最后一個句子中的子句：tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy（抽煙與人的預(yù)期壽命縮短有關(guān)）。3．A 該題說的是：抽煙有可能誘發(fā)肺癌。文章的第二段和第三段都講到了抽煙與肺癌的關(guān)系。4．C 該題說的是：有證據(jù)說明入選愛是抽煙誘發(fā)的。文章并未提及。5．B 該題說的是：男性煙民死于心臟病的比率小雨女性煙民死于心臟病的比率，文章沒有直接比較男性煙民和女性煙民死于心臟病的比率，但有這么一句話：Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smke so deeply. 據(jù)認為女性煙民并不把煙吸得很深，因此煙對她們的影響小于男性煙民。從中可以推斷出的是：男性煙民死于心臟病的比率高于女性煙民死于心臟病的比率。因此該題的命題是錯誤的。6. A 該題說的是：尼古丁是有毒的。答案可在第三段找到。7. B 該題說的是：有了過濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草，抽煙時安全的。文章的最后一段（也是最后一句）是這么說的：據(jù)稱，過濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草在某種程度上使抽煙變得較為安全，但是它們只是略微減少危害而不是消除危害。因此該題的命題是錯誤的。第五篇Plants and MankindBotany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don39。t know what our Stone Age1 ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient2. This is logical. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes3, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon4 recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we bee the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone es unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge5, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid6. When our Neolithic7 ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away8 .詞匯:botany [39。b?t?ni] yield [ji:ld] n. 產(chǎn)量，收益detailed [39。di:teild] ，詳盡的 marvel [39。mɑ:v?l] n. 令人驚奇的事（人），奇跡property [39。pr?p?ti] n. （1）特征（2）財產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn) logical [39。l?d?ik?l] adj. 邏輯的，合乎邏輯的 variety [v?39。rai?ti] n. （1）品種，變種 （2）變化，多樣化pyramid [39。pir?mid] welfare [39。welfε?] n. 福利，幸福，康樂accumulate [?39。kju:mjuleit] vt. 積累，積聚 intimacy [39。intim?si] n. 親近，親密注釋：1. Stone Age: 石器時代2. …a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient:…… 對植物及其特點的詳細了解一定非常久遠。3. dye : 染料4. the Amazon :亞馬孫河5. Yet everyone es unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge … 而每個人都會在無意識中獲得大量的植物知識，……e on : （偶然）遇見；（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn)。又如：I came on this idea by pure chance. 我有這個想法純偶然。6. orchid: 蘭花7. Neolithic: 新石器時代8. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away: 從那時起，人類就越來越多地從可控制的幾種植物的種植中獲取生計，而不是從野生的眾多種類中東采一點，西摘一點。在數(shù)萬年的經(jīng)驗中積累起來的知識以及與大自然中各種植物的緊密聯(lián)系也就開始消失。 take their living from…:靠……過活。1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.(一段)A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned2. People can not survive without plants. (一段)A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school. (一段)A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned4. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. (二段)A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago. (二段)A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild. (二段)A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned答案及題解： 文章第一段第三句話中的指示詞“This”回指上一句話中的陳述，即“關(guān)于植物及其特點的詳細知識一定由來已久”。2. A 第二段降到植物對于人類而言是極為重要的，為人類提供了食物、衣服、工具、藥物等生活必需品。3. B 第一段結(jié)尾部分提到現(xiàn)今仍生活在亞馬孫叢林中的部落能識別成百上千種植物及其特性，但在他們的詞匯中還沒有“植物學(xué)”這個詞，甚至有可能不承認“植物學(xué)”是專門的知識。因此在學(xué)校中不可能設(shè)