【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 he pioneers.【譯文】如今我們很難理解登山先驅(qū)者昔日是多么艱苦?！局v解】it是形式主語(yǔ)，to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers是真正的主語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)掌握It is hard for sb. to do 。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】pioneer:先驅(qū)（someone who is important in the early development of something, and whose work or ideas are later developed by other people），例如：a pioneer of photography 攝影術(shù)創(chuàng)始人a pioneer in the development of radar 雷達(dá)研制的先驅(qū)37. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly bee popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.【譯文】除了澤曼特和夏蒙尼等一兩個(gè)迅速出名的地方外，阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)的小村由于高山隔絕了文明日漸成為貧窮的村落。 【講解】such as可以分開(kāi)，如such places as…，這時(shí)as作關(guān)系代詞，as引出的從句是省略句。such as不分開(kāi)時(shí)其作用相當(dāng)于like，表示舉例。因此可以把such…Chamonix視為修飾places的定語(yǔ)。cut off from civilization by the high mountains是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾settlements?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】except for：除了……之外，例如：I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door.我除了知道他住在隔壁外，對(duì)他的其他情況一無(wú)所知。impoverish：使窮困，使赤貧（to make some one very poor），形容詞為impoverished，名詞形式為impoverishment。38. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flearidden。 the food simply local cheese acpanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine.【譯文】當(dāng)?shù)氐哪切┬÷灭^一般都骯臟且跳蚤猖獗。單調(diào)的食物是當(dāng)?shù)厝槔遗湟猿３Ｒ逊帕艘荒曛玫拿姘?，人們就著劣酒吞下這種食物?！局v解】as there were作定語(yǔ)從句修飾inns，as乃關(guān)系代詞。the food simply…中food和simply中間，all與washed中間都省略了was。請(qǐng)注意，在幾個(gè)并列分句中，第一個(gè)分句中用了be，后面分句中的be可以省略，例如：There are two requisites in interpretation：one is accuracy and the other（is）expressiveness.口譯要求有二：準(zhǔn)確和明晰。acpanied by bread often twelve months old是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，作cheese的定語(yǔ)。often twelve months old作定語(yǔ)，修飾bread。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】acpany：伴隨，和……一起發(fā)生（to happen or exist at the same time as something else），例如:fever acpanied with delirium伴有昏迷的發(fā)燒39. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could—sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers.【譯文】山谷里常沒(méi)有小旅館，登山者只好隨遇而安——或與當(dāng)?shù)啬翈煟ㄋ麄兺ǔ：推浣虆^(qū)居民一樣窮）住在一起，或與牧羊人或制乳酪者住在一起?！局v解】wherever they could作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，修飾found。could后省略了find shelter。sometimes with兩詞之間省略了they found shelter。found shelter with…與……住在一起，這里的破折號(hào)引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】boast：以擁有……而自豪（if a place, object, or organization boasts something, it has something that is very good），例如：A fishing village 30 years ago, it now boasts 150 major hotels.那地方30年前還是個(gè)漁村，現(xiàn)已為擁有150家大賓館而自豪。310. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very unfortable.【譯文】這些山村的基調(diào)總是一樣的：骯且窮，極不舒適?！局v解】same后的冒號(hào)引出同位語(yǔ)。dirt and poverty, and very unfortable作the same的同位語(yǔ)?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】invariable: 始終如一的，恒定不變的（always happening in the same way, at the same time etc.），例如：It’s my invariable habit to take a nap.睡午覺(jué)是我的老習(xí)慣。invariably是invariable的副詞形式。311. For men accustomed to eating sevencourse dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.【譯文】對(duì)過(guò)慣了在家里一餐吃七道菜、睡亞麻細(xì)布床單的的人來(lái)說(shuō)，到阿爾卑斯山所帶來(lái)的變化想來(lái)一定太難熬了。【講解】accustomed to…at home作定語(yǔ)修飾men。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】be accustomed to（doing/do）something：習(xí)慣于做某事（to be familiar with something and accept it as normal），例如：We are accustomed to working/work hard.我們習(xí)慣于努力工作。My eyes soon grew accustomed to the darkness.我的雙眼很快適應(yīng)了黑暗。course：（一）道（菜）（one of the separate parts of a meal），例如：The first course was soup.第一道是湯。 Lesson 4 Seeing hands第四課能看東西的手by ERIC DE MAUNYfrom The Listener 41. Several cases have been reported in Russia recently of people who can read and detect colours with their fingers, and even see through solid doors and walls.【譯文】俄羅斯最近報(bào)導(dǎo)了幾個(gè)事例，說(shuō)有人能用手指看書(shū)和辨認(rèn)顏色，甚至雙眼能透過(guò)厚實(shí)的門(mén)和墻看到東西?！局v解】of people who can…walls作定語(yǔ)修飾cases，這部分較長(zhǎng)，所以被移到謂語(yǔ)部分后，這樣句子就不會(huì)頭重腳輕。句中的of意為“關(guān)于”?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】detect：察覺(jué)，發(fā)覺(jué)（to notice or discover something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear etc.）。42. One case concerns an elevenyearold schoolgirl, Vera Petrova, who has normal vision but who can also perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls.【譯文】有一例涉及11歲學(xué)生維拉彼托洛娃，她視力正常，但她還能用皮膚的不同部位辨認(rèn)東西，甚至看穿堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻壁?！局v解】and through solid walls與with different parts of her skin并列作狀語(yǔ)，修飾perceive?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】normal的反義詞為abnormal。perceive：感覺(jué)，感知（to notice, see, or recognize something）。43. This ability was first noticed by her father.【譯文】她父親首先發(fā)現(xiàn)她具備這一能力。【講解】this ability指上句中perceive things with different parts of her skin, and through solid walls。44. One day she came into his office and happened to put her hands on the door of a locked safe.【譯文】一天，維拉進(jìn)入父親的辦公室，碰巧把雙手放在一個(gè)鎖著的保險(xiǎn)柜的門(mén)上。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】happened to do something：碰巧做某事（if you happen to do something, you do it by chance），例如：I happened to look in that direction and caught him in the act of doing it.我碰巧朝那個(gè)方向看，正好目睹他在做那事。safe:保險(xiǎn)柜（a strong metal box or cupboard with special locks where you keep money and valuable things）。45. Suddenly she asked her father why he kept so many old newspapers locked away there, and even described the way they were done up in bundles.【譯文】她突然問(wèn)父親為什么把這么多的舊報(bào)紙鎖在柜子里，她甚至還描述了捆扎報(bào)紙的方式?！局v解】locked away there作kept的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。lock sth. away意為“把某物鎖起來(lái)”。there指locked safe。they were done up in bundles作定語(yǔ)修飾way，意為“報(bào)紙是怎樣捆著的”。they指newspaper?！締卧~和短語(yǔ)】do up：捆，包（to fasten something，or to be fastened in a particular way）。46. Vera39。s curious talent was brought to the notice of a scientific research institute in the town of Ulyanovsk, near where she lives, and in April she was given a series of tests by a special mission of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federal Republic.【譯文】維拉的特異功能引起了她家附近烏里揚(yáng)諾夫斯克城某科研機(jī)構(gòu)的注意。4月，俄羅斯聯(lián)邦共和國(guó)衛(wèi)生部的一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)對(duì)她進(jìn)行了一系列測(cè)試。【單詞和短語(yǔ)】bring something to the notice of someone 使某人注意某事institute：機(jī)構(gòu)，組織（an organization that has a particular purpose such as scientific or educational work）。47. During these tests she was able to read a newspaper through an opaque screen and, stranger still, by moving her elbow over a child39。s game of Lotto she was able to describe the figures and colours printed on it。 and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out