【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 this occasion, Hillebrand reported the gas to be nitrogen.這個句子的基本骨架是用and連接的兩個并列的主句This instrument works on the principle和after studying the spectrum which he had obtained on this occasion, Hillebrand reported the gas to be nitrogen。第一個主句有一個用that連接的同位語從句，說明principle，而該同位語從句中又有一個用when連接的時間狀語從句。第二個主句中包含了一個用which連接的定語從句，修飾spectrum。參考譯文：這種器械是根據(jù)如下的原理工作的：每一種單獨的物質(zhì)當(dāng)應(yīng)用熱、電等使其分子振動時都會發(fā)出一種特有的光譜。在研究了他在此時所獲得的這種光譜以后，希勒布蘭德報告說該氣體是氮。從句有三中可能的位置：在主句前、在主句后和插在主句中間。例如： When we look into the matter carefully, we will find that the world we live in presents an endless variety of fascinating problems which excite our wonder and curiosity. （當(dāng)我們仔細(xì)觀察這件事時，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們居住的這個世界呈現(xiàn)出各種各樣、沒完沒了的有趣的問題。這些問題使我們感到詫異，引起我們的好奇。） 插在主句中間的從句把主句分成兩半，往往造成閱讀理解上的困難。例如：This is not, of course, the case in human affairs, and the most that can be yet done is to seek for mathematical models which describe, however imperfectly as yet they are, the presumed behavior of the system or situation under investigation. （當(dāng)然，人的情況不是這樣。最有可能做的是尋求可描述研究中的系統(tǒng)或情況的假定特性的數(shù)學(xué)模式，無論這樣的模式仍然多么不完善。）2．長、難句分析與翻譯1） As Bob Zimmerman, the meteorologist who raised the alarm, remarked: “The little molecules that have cleaned pollution out of the atmosphere since before there was the pollution the planetary janitors with mop and detergent never showed up for work.” 該句在as之前省略了it is。 before there was the pollution是since的賓語；the meteorologist who raised the alarm 是Bob Zimmerman 的同位語；the planetary janitors with mop and detergent是The little molecules的同位語。 參考譯文：正如發(fā)出警報的氣象學(xué)家鮑勃齊默爾曼所說：自從有污染以前以來就一直充當(dāng)拿著抹布和洗滌劑的行星看門人、清除大氣中污染物的那些小分子再也沒有出來負(fù)起責(zé)任了。2） What did most to keep hydroxyl’s profile low, however, was the apparent harmlessness of CO the pollutant that consumed half off all the hydroxyl in the atmosphere. What did most to keep hydroxyl’s profile low是該句主語；the pollutant that consumed half off all the hydroxyl in the atmosphere是CO的同位語。 參考譯文：但是，使羥基的量變曲線保持很低起最大作用的是一氧化碳的貌似無害，實際上一氧化碳是消耗大氣中一半羥基的污染物。Unit 51．科技英語翻譯（1）從事科技英語翻譯時較少運用修辭手段，而是注重事實和邏輯，要求技術(shù)概念明確清楚，邏輯關(guān)系清晰突出，內(nèi)容正確無誤，數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確精密，文字簡潔明了，符合技術(shù)語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，體現(xiàn)科技英語翻譯的科學(xué)、準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奶卣鳌Ｕ埧聪铝懈骶渥g文：1) Amplification means the transformation of little currents into big ones, without distortion of the shape of current fluctuation.所謂放大，就是把小電流變?yōu)榇箅娏?，而又不使電流波形失真?) In case of electronic scanning the beam width is broader by a factor of two.電子掃描時，波束寬度展寬一倍。A. 數(shù)字大小表示法more thanⅹⅹ。 overⅹⅹ 多；以上less thanⅹⅹ。 underⅹⅹ。 belowⅹⅹ 以下；不到ENIAC, made in a laboratory of the Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., in 1942, was posed of more than 30 thousand electronic tubes and nearly one million pieces of other ponents such as resistors, condensers and switches.ENIAC于1942年在美國伊利諾依州的Evanston市的西北大學(xué)的一座實驗室里建造而成。它由3萬多個電子管，近一百萬件其他零件如電阻器、電容器、開關(guān)等組成。ⅹⅹmore 再（加）ⅹⅹFirst add 25 grams of salt to the water, then add 50 more grams of salt to it.先加25克鹽于水中，然后再加50克鹽。ⅹⅹor more ⅹⅹ或ⅹⅹ多 ⅹⅹor less ⅹⅹ或不到ⅹⅹ ⅹⅹodd ⅹⅹ多（有余）The upper layer of Jupiter’s atmosphere is 60 odd miles thick, posed of ammonia in a form of icecrystal cloud.木星大氣層的上層是以冰晶形式存在的厚60多英里的氨。as + adj. + as + numeral 大到 多達(dá) 高達(dá) 重達(dá) 低至The et dashes toward the moon at a speed as fast as 60 kilometers per second.彗星以高達(dá)每秒60公里的速度向月球沖去。In winter the temperature at the very north of China may be as low as 45?C.冬天，中國最北部溫度可低至零下45?C。B. 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)增減譯法a. 分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)的增減，一般表示凈增或凈減的部分，不包括底數(shù)在內(nèi)?？梢灾苯幼g成“增加（減少）幾分之幾”，“增加（減少）百分之幾”。The bandwidth was reduced by twothirds.頻帶寬度減少三分之二。New booster can increase the pay load by 120%.新型推動器能使有效負(fù)載增加120%。b. ⅹ% + . + to + ⅹ%結(jié)構(gòu)表示增減后的結(jié)果，包括底數(shù)在內(nèi)，可以直接譯出。 This year Intel has produced 250% the number of personal puters in 1997. 英特爾今年生產(chǎn)的個人計算機是1997年的250%。（或：?；颍河⑻貭柦衲晟a(chǎn)的個人計算機比1997年增加了一倍半。） By the year 2010 the world’s annual oil output is expected to fall to 35 percent. 預(yù)計到2010年，世界石油年產(chǎn)量將下降百分之三十五。C. 倍數(shù)的表示法和譯法a. 倍數(shù)的比較 The oxygen atom is 16 times heavier than the hydrogen atom. 氧原子的重量是氫原子的16倍。 Mercury weighs more than water by about 14 times. 水銀比水重約十三倍。b. 倍數(shù)的增加 double “增加一倍”或“翻一番” treble “增加兩倍”或“增加到三倍” quadruple “增加三倍”或“翻兩番” Owing to automatization the productivity has doubled in the factory. 由于實現(xiàn)了自動化，這個廠的生產(chǎn)率提高了一倍。 The growth rate of GNP per capita for China will be quadrupled by 2000. 到2000年，中國人均國民生產(chǎn)總值的增長率將翻兩番。 increase N times increase to N times increase by N times increase Nfold increase by a factor of N 以上五中結(jié)構(gòu)均可譯成“增加到N倍”或“增加了N 1倍”。 The output of oil has been increased three times as against last year. 油產(chǎn)量比去年增加了兩倍。 The strength of the attraction or repulsion increases by 4 times if the distance between the original charges is halved. 如果原電荷的距離縮短一半，則吸引力或斥力就增加三倍（增加到原來的四倍）。 as much (many …) again as。 again as much (many …) as 以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可譯成“是的兩倍”，“比多一倍”。 Wheel A turns as fast again as wheel B. A輪轉(zhuǎn)動比B輪快一倍。 half as much (many …) again as。 half again as much (many …) as 以上兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可譯成“是的一倍半”，“比多一半”。 The resistance of aluminum is approximately half again as great as that of copper for the same dimensions. 尺寸相同時，鋁的電阻約為銅的一倍半。（或：尺寸相同時，鋁的電阻比銅的約大一半。）C. 倍數(shù)的減少reduce by N times。 reduce N times。 reduce to N times。 reduce by a factor of N。 reduce N times as much (many …) as。 Nfold reduction。 N times less than以上七種結(jié)構(gòu)可譯成“減少了（n1）/n”或“減少到1/n”。The newfashioned machine will reduce the error probability by seven times.新型機器的誤差概率將降低七分之六。The cost of fibers for optical munication was decreased 3 times.光通纖維的成本減少了三分之一。2．長、難句分析及翻譯1）Perhaps it should go without saying, but without the integrated circuit, ebusiness as we know it would not exist.go without saying意為“不用說；不言而喻”。as we know it是一個方式狀語從句。參考譯文：也許，這應(yīng)該是不言而喻的事。但是，正如我們所知，如果沒有集成電路，電子商務(wù)就不會存在。3) Indeed, Yankee Group senior analyst Laura DiDio told the ECommerce Times that “no discussion of hightechnology patents even if one is spec