【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 _A. 幸福的 B. 穩(wěn)定的 C. 健康的（4） 根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及普通常識(shí)猜詞1) China is our motherland. 2) Kangaroo mothers have pouches to carry their babies. 3) It39。s really cold outside, and my hands are both numb.Exercises: Guess the meaning of the new words quickly. a. Wealthy means having lots of money. b. Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to your health. c. My motherinlaw, my husband’s mother, was a teacher. The boy had a happy family before. However, after the war, he became homeless. d. You must stop dreaming and face reality.（5）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞意在閱讀文章時(shí)，我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，這些問(wèn)題便不難解決了。例如：　前綴un表反義詞，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。后綴 ment表名詞，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。后綴er、or或ist表同源名詞，如calculate/ calculator。 visit/ visitor。 law/ lawyer。 wait/waiter。 science/ scientist。 art/ artist等。（6）通過(guò)同義詞和同義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義在文章中有時(shí)作者為了避免重復(fù)，或?yàn)榱吮磉_(dá)同一事物的不同種類，使用同義詞或近義詞。在這種情況下，我們就可以利用同義詞、近義詞的關(guān)系從熟悉的詞語(yǔ)推測(cè)不熟悉詞語(yǔ)的含義。通過(guò)同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay,即使我們不認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程中所使用的同義詞。Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.（7） 通過(guò)反義詞和反義關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義有時(shí)作者為了說(shuō)明相反的兩件事或兩個(gè)人，使用了一些反義詞或表示反義關(guān)系的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，我們可以利用已知單詞推斷未知單詞的詞義。通過(guò)反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however等，二是看含not的習(xí)語(yǔ)或表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)。（8） 通過(guò)舉例來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.（9） 通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義描述即作者為幫助讀者更深刻，更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫(xiě)。The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.（10） 根據(jù)單詞的發(fā)音進(jìn)行推測(cè)英語(yǔ)中有些單詞來(lái)自漢語(yǔ)，與漢語(yǔ)發(fā)音有些相似，另外也有一些單詞譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)采用音譯，如：sofa,coffee,typhoon,aspirin,nylon （三）推理判斷考查邏輯推理能力、語(yǔ)言分析能力和綜合歸納能力。下面哪些方式屬于推理判斷題？1. We can infer(推斷) from the story that____2. What’s the passage mainly about? 3. It can be inferred from the passage that 4. According to the story, what would happen next? 5. The first paragraph tells us that _______6. What can we learn from the passage? 事實(shí)推理：先在文章中找出據(jù)以推斷的文字，然后加以分析，尤其要悟出字里行間的意思。 Secondly, a news story has to be interesting and unusual. People don’t want to read stories about everyday life. As a result, many stories are about some kinds of danger and seem to be “bad” news. According to the passage, which of the following can you most possibly watch on TV? ____a. You often play football with your friends after school.b. Your teacher has got a cold.c. A tiger in the city zoo has run out and hasn’t been caught.d. The bike in front of your house is lost. When you cough or sneeze, please turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand. Afterwards, you should say, “Excuse me.” This is a rule I set for my students. It is so simple, but many kids have never been told to do this.What does the underlined word “this” mean?_A. Don’t cough or sneeze in front of peopleB. Don’t stand beside someone who coughs or sneezes.C. Many people cough or sneeze on the underground train.D. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing and say sorry.總結(jié)：解題技巧：推斷題在文章無(wú)法直接找到答案，須在正確理解文章字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用邏輯推理的方法，綜合主旨句、主題句和上下文信息以及作者的措辭，作出總結(jié)性的判斷。同時(shí)要特別注意代詞所指代的對(duì)象。　閱讀理解題中難度最大且出現(xiàn)頻率很高的是推理判斷題，近幾年的中考每年都保持在3題左右。這種題要求考生根據(jù)文章中出現(xiàn)的暗示，抓住內(nèi)含語(yǔ)義，用邏輯思維的方法加以整理，然后做出合理的判斷。推理的方法大致可分為：簡(jiǎn)單推理和復(fù)雜推理?！　『?jiǎn)單推理：所謂簡(jiǎn)單推理就是以表面文字為前提，以具體事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行推理，做出判斷。這種推理方式比較直接，只要弄清事實(shí)，即可結(jié)合常識(shí)推斷出合理的結(jié)論。 復(fù)雜推理：復(fù)雜推理不但要以文字為依據(jù)，而且還要以文章的語(yǔ)境、內(nèi)涵為前提。這是一種間接而復(fù)雜的邏輯推理方式?？忌茢喑鑫恼聸](méi)有表明但又合乎邏輯的推理，就必須由表及里地歸納或演繹。下面是幾種復(fù)雜的推理方法：(1)推測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作目的和意圖，此類的設(shè)題形式有：The purpose in writing this text is to .　　The author writes this passage to .　　The author in this passage intends to .推測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作目的,必須要先了解文章的主題,然后分析作者的論述方法、論述的重點(diǎn)和材料的安排。(2)推測(cè)文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論，此類設(shè)題形式有:　　It can be inferred from the passage that .　　What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?　　From the passage we can conclude that .　　這類問(wèn)題問(wèn)的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部觀點(diǎn)，可能只是文章中的某一觀點(diǎn)。但要推測(cè)出文中的某一觀點(diǎn)，仍離不開(kāi)對(duì)全文主要觀點(diǎn)或中心思想的把握?！　?3)推斷文章的出處，設(shè)題形式有:　　The passage is most likely to be taken from .　　Where would this passage most probably appear?　　The passage is most likely a part of .　　這類問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷其出處：　?、賵?bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱?！　、趶V告：因其格式和語(yǔ)言特殊，容易辨認(rèn)?！　、郛a(chǎn)品說(shuō)明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。　(4)推斷短文中人物性格，設(shè)題形式有:　　What do we know about somebody in the text?　　What kind of man somebody is?　　Somebody can be said to be .　　做這類題時(shí)一定要注意：①準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思，切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。②特別注意表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。(5) 借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：有些推斷題要從文章結(jié)構(gòu)的角度進(jìn)行分析，才能推斷出正確答案。因此，閱讀時(shí)不僅要注重詞、句的理解，而且還要分析語(yǔ)篇的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。（四）歸納主旨大意:主要包括主題思想、寫(xiě)作意圖、文章的題目等常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：(1）What is the main idea of the passage?(2) The first paragraph tells us that _____(3) Which of the following expresses the main idea?(4) The passage is mainly about ______(5) The best title for the story is _______(6) Which of the following is the best title?Can you find the topic sentence?1. All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain .Some food chains bee broken up if one of the links disappears.2. Reading is a good habit, but the problem is , there’s too much to read these days, and too little time to read every word of it. There are hundreds of skills to help you read more in less time. Here are two skills that I think are especially good. 解題技巧：此類題目多出現(xiàn)于議論文和說(shuō)明文。要確定文章的主題思想，最重要的是要找到主題句。主題句一般在段首或段尾，有時(shí)也在中間。3. Do you know more and more Chinese artists have made regular donations to charity or put their efforts into charity work in China? Here let’s know some of them.What is the passage mainly about? ___A. Chinese charity work.B. Charity work of some Chinese artists.C. Some famous Chinese artists.D. Organizations starte