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esgrowfast.( ) It began togrowdark.( )The bellsoundedat 12 o’clock for lunch.( ) The musicsoundsnice.( )第三節(jié) 持續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分,使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動詞表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬間性動詞表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間,非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。常見的有begin, start, finish, go, e, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, bee, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持續(xù)性動詞及瞬間性動詞。三、用法以上兩類動詞都能用于現(xiàn)在完成時,表示動作到現(xiàn)在為止已結(jié)束,例如:He has studied English for three years.(他學英語已有3年了。)He has joined the Party.(他已入黨了。)Mum isn’t at home. She has gone to the library.(媽媽不在家,她去圖書館了。)持續(xù)性動詞在完成時中能與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用,而瞬間性動詞則不能。例如:His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老師談了半個小時。)My mother has lain in bde for 3 days.(我母親生病臥床已經(jīng)三天了。)My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.(我父母親從1950年起就住在上海了。)瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用,通常有兩種方法: (1)用意思相當?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換,例如:He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他參軍已有3年了。)不能用has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥離家已有好久了嗎?)不能用has left常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系如下:go——be away e——be heree back——be back leave——be away(be not here)buy——have borrow——keepdie——be dead begin——be onfinish——be over open——be open1close——be closed 1lose——be lost1get to know——know 1turn on——be on1get up——be up 1sit down——sit/be seated1join——be in(…)或be a…member1bee——be (2)用it is…since…結(jié)構(gòu)來替換瞬間動詞,例如:電影已經(jīng)開映5分鐘了。(兩種方法)The film has been on for five minutes.It’s five minutes since the film began.他離開上海已有3天了。(兩種方法)He has been away from Shanghai for three days.It is three days since he left Shanghai.這本書我還給圖書館已有兩周了。(一種方法)It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一種方法)How long is it since be found his sister?瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用,例如:I haven’t seen you for a long time.(好久沒見到你了。)[補充說明]本書基本上已把初中課本中的持續(xù)動詞與瞬間性動詞羅列出來,可供教師參考使用。關(guān)于持續(xù)性動詞與瞬間性動詞的用法,可以結(jié)合現(xiàn)在完成時的教學一起進行。 Exercise 3一、選擇正確的答案:Alice has (e, been) back for a week.His gr