【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 dings: theoretical simulation 9) 〔標(biāo)題〕火誘導(dǎo)的溫度場和速度場的機(jī)理分析 mechanism analysis of the temperature field and velocity field induced by fire 10) 〔標(biāo)題〕火災(zāi)信號特征在研制火災(zāi)探測器方面的應(yīng)用 application of the characteristics of fire signals in the development of fire detectors 11) 〔短語〕 火災(zāi)安全科學(xué)與消防工程 fire safety science and fire protection engineering 12) 〔短語〕 利用多信號報(bào)警的火災(zāi)探測系統(tǒng) Fire detection system using multisignals alarm 13) 〔短語〕有焰和無 焰燃燒的動力學(xué)行為 kiics behavior of flame and flameless bustion 14) 〔短語〕熱量釋放速率和火蔓延速度 Heat release rate and fire spreading velocity 15) 〔短語〕火誘導(dǎo)的溫度場和速度場 temperature field and velocity field induced by fire 16) 〔標(biāo)題〕火災(zāi)人員疏散的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 Theoretical and experimental study of the human evacuation in fires 17) 〔標(biāo)題〕火災(zāi)抑制和撲救技術(shù)的發(fā)展：回顧與展望 development of fire suppression and fighting technology: review and prospect 18) 〔標(biāo)題〕野火中垂直火旋風(fēng)的理論分析與數(shù)值模擬 Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of the vertical fire whirl in the wild fires 19) 〔標(biāo)題〕中國建筑火災(zāi)中轟燃和回燃 的統(tǒng)計(jì) 7 調(diào)查 Statistical survey of the flashover and backdraft of building fires in China 20) 〔標(biāo)題〕野火三角中燃料、地形和天氣三因子之間相互作用的機(jī)理分析 Mechanism analysis of the interactions among the fuel, terrain and weather in a wild fire triangle 21) 燃料類型對自發(fā)著火動力學(xué)行為的影響：實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 Influence of fuel type on the spontaneous ignition dynamical behavior: Experimental Study 22) 大尺度池火誘導(dǎo)的速度場和溫度場理論分析 theoretical analysis of velocity field and temperature field induced by Largescale pool fire 23) 坡度和風(fēng)速對地表火蔓延中火焰高度和長度所起的作用：理論分析與測量 The role of slope and wind velocity on the flame height and length in the ground fire : theoretical analysis and measurement 24) 野火中垂直火旋風(fēng)的熱釋放速率和燃燒速率 heat release rate and burning rate of the vertical fire whirl in the wild fires 25) 易燃和可燃材料著火溫度的特征分析 characteristics analysis of the ignition temperature of the flammable and Combustible marterial 26) 建筑腔室火災(zāi)中的轟燃與回燃動力學(xué)：非線性數(shù)值模擬 Dynamic of flashover and backdraft in Building partment fire ： nonlinear numerical simulation 27) 自動火災(zāi)探測與報(bào)警系統(tǒng)對人員疏散的作用的統(tǒng)計(jì)性分析 statistical analysis of the role of automatic fire alarm system in personnel evacuation 28) 關(guān)于炭化和非炭化材料熱解化學(xué)反應(yīng)動力學(xué)的綜述 Overview about the deposition Chemical reaction dynamics of the charring and noncharring material 29) 火的燃燒與其誘導(dǎo)流動之間的相互作用機(jī)理 mechanism analysis of the interaction between the fire bustion and induced flow 30) 分區(qū)模 擬方法在建筑火災(zāi)煙氣運(yùn)動研究中的應(yīng)用 application of zone modeling in the study of the smoke movement of building fires The importance of flashover results from the fact that it is of great danger when a partment fire occurs. 翻譯成中文，并且用表達(dá)因果關(guān)系的兩種不同方式改寫。 轟燃的重要性源自其在腔室火發(fā)生時的 重大危害。 Flashover is of importance because it is of great danger when a partment fire occurs. Flashover is important due to its great danger in a partment fire. The fact that the flashover is of great danger when a partment fire occurs makes it of great importance. 2/A good way to conduct the fire risk assessment is to utilize the simulationbased analysis with experimental verification. 1) 翻譯成中文，注意把握專業(yè)英語的 ABC原則。 2) 用表達(dá)“手段”的兩種其他方式改寫。 8 火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估的科學(xué)方法是將模擬分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證結(jié)合起來。 Simulationbased analysis and experimental verification should be utilized in the conduction of fire risk assessment. Fire risk assessment should bine the simulationbased analysis and experimental verification together. 2.（ 10 分）標(biāo)題（ Title）在一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文中起著重要的作用。 1) 簡述學(xué)術(shù)論文的 ABC 原則。 （ 2 分） 簡述論文標(biāo)題的作用以及好的論文標(biāo)題的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 （ 2分） Accuracy（準(zhǔn)確） ,Brevity（簡潔） ,Clarity（清晰）。 標(biāo)題的作用： 概括全文； 便于檢索索引。 好的標(biāo)題：用最少的詞準(zhǔn)確、完整地描述出論文的中心思想。 2) 冒號分隔的標(biāo)題對讀者往往可以起到一目了然的作用，讓讀者清楚地看到論文的主題（ Topic）和面向該主題所論述的重點(diǎn)。 請?jiān)诶斫獾幕A(chǔ)上把以下標(biāo)題轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槊疤柗指羰綐?biāo)題 ： a. Uses and Limitations of Computer Models in Structural Fire Protection Engineering Applications（ 3 分） Applications of Computer Models in Structural Fire Protection Engineering: Uses and Limitations b. Experimental Measurements of Upward Flame Spread on a Vertical Wall With External Radiation（ 3 分） Upward Flame Spread on a Vertical Wall With External Radiation: Experimental Measurements 3) 常見的論文標(biāo)題大致可分為兩類。 (a) 用漢語簡述通常的兩類標(biāo)題的基本組成，并指出以下標(biāo)題屬于哪一類； （ 4 分） 第一類只交代課題，第二類交代課題和研究方法。 (b) 將以下標(biāo)題翻譯成中文，注意把握專業(yè)英語 ABC 原則； （ 4 分） (c) 將以下標(biāo)題改寫為冒號分隔式標(biāo)題 （ 4 分） c. An Apparatus to Measure the Pyrolysis Mass Loss and Ignition Temperature for the Flammability of Solids 一種基于固體燃燒性而測量熱解質(zhì)量損失和著火溫度的儀器 For the Flammability of Solids: An Apparatus to Measure the Pyrolysis Mass Loss and Ignition Temperature d. Numerical Modeling of the Interaction between Automatic Sprinkler Sprays and Fire Plumes 自動水噴淋和火羽流之間相 互作用的數(shù)值模擬 Interaction between Automatic Sprinkler Sprays and Fire Plumes ：Numerical Modeling 3. （ 15 分） 專業(yè)英語論文的引言部分或科技演講的開頭部分通常會對論文的層次結(jié)構(gòu)（組織方式）作表述，以方便讀者或聽眾理解全文的結(jié)構(gòu)。以下是一篇論文的層次結(jié)構(gòu)提綱。請 請基于“避免重復(fù)原則”用英語寫出一段話，表達(dá)如下的層次結(jié)構(gòu)： ? Section1: Background of research in flashover。 ? Section2: Experimental and theoretical analysis method for flashover research。 ? Section3: Comparison of model 9 prediction with experimental results。 ? Section4: Conclusion This paper prises four sections. In the first section, background of research in flashover was reviewed. Then the experimental and theoretical analysis method for flashover research were discussed. After this, the parison of model prediction with experimental results was conducted. At the end of the paper, some conclusions were made. 4. （ 10 分）以下句子中涉及到表述研究“手段”的表達(dá)方法。 A good way to conduct the fire risk assessment is to utilize the simulationbased analysis with experimental verification. 請用表達(dá)“手段”的兩種其他方式改寫。 We conduct a fire risk assessment by means of the simulationbased analysis with experimental verification. We conduct a fire risk assessment with the help of the simulationbased analysis with experimental verification.