讀書報告4_土壤碳固定對全球氣候變化和糧食安全的影響(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-14 20:07 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 P， 1500萬噸的 K。與此相比， 2022年全球肥料的施用量為 （ 17）。 One ton of cereal residue contains 12 to 20 kg N, 1 to 4 kg P, 7 to 30 kg K, 4 to 8 kg Ca, and 2 to 4 kg Mg. Annually, 3 Gt of residues of grain crops are produced globally (table S3), which if recycled rather than removed for fuel and other uses, would improve soil quality and sequester C. 一噸的禾谷類作物殘渣含有 12到 20Kg的 N， 1到 4Kg的 P， 7到 30Kg的K,4到 8Kg的 Ca以及 2到 4Kg的 Mg。每年全球有 30億噸的禾谷類作物殘渣被生產(chǎn) (table S3)，這些作物殘渣如果是循環(huán)利用而不是用于燃料和其它方面的使用，將提高土壤質(zhì)量和固定碳。 (2).Nutrients required Crop residue is also a potential source of energy by direct bustion, or for production of ethanol or H2. It can be used either for biofuel production or to sequester C and improve soil quality. The economics of these two peting uses need to be assessed. 作物殘渣通過直接的燃燒也是能源的一個潛在的庫，或者也可以作為乙醇或氫氣的生產(chǎn)原料。作物殘渣既可以用于生物燃料的生產(chǎn)或用于碳的固定以提高土壤質(zhì)量。這二者的競爭使用的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益需要被評估。 (3).Soil erosion and deposition 土壤的侵蝕和沉積 The SOC is preferentially removed by wind and waterborne sediments through erosional processes. Some of the SOCenriched sediments are redistributed over the landscape, others are deposited in depressional sites, and some are carried into the aquatic ecosystems (Fig. 1). Yet, an effective soil erosion control is essential to sustainable use of agricultural soils and improving environment quality. 土壤有機(jī)碳是通過侵蝕過程優(yōu)先被風(fēng)傳和水傳沉淀的。一些是在陸地在分布，一些是在作用位點(diǎn)被沉積，而另一些是被移動到水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中(Fig. 1)。 然而，一個有效的土壤的侵蝕的控制對于農(nóng)業(yè)土壤的可持續(xù)使用和改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量來說是很重要的。 Fig. 1. Processes affecting soil anic carbon (SOC) dynamics. (4).Extractive farming practices 傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)措施 The annual depletion rate of nutrients for sub Saharan Africa (SSA) caused by lowinput/ subsistence farming is estimated to be 40 kg of NPK/ha of cultivated land since the mid1960s (20). Therefore, RMPs must enhance rather than deplete SOC pool and soil fertility, increase rather than maintain or decrease crop yield per unit use of fertilizer and other inputs, and improve rather than degrade soil quality. 由于低投入或自給農(nóng)業(yè)引起的 SSA每年的養(yǎng)分耗竭速率從 20世紀(jì) 60年代的耕地開始被估算為每公頃 40KgNPK（ 20）。 因此， RMPs一定是提高而不是耗竭土壤有機(jī)碳庫和土壤肥力，增加而不是保持和減少每單位作物的產(chǎn)量通過肥料和其它方面的投入，提高而不是退化土壤質(zhì)量。 (5).Societal value and hidden benefits 社會價值和潛在的效益 Carbon trading markets have existed since 2022, especially in European Union countries (21). the price of soil C mus
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