【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 r ways. A person may relay his or her feelings, thoughts, and reactions through body positioning, body contact, body odors, eye contact, responsive actions, habits, attitudes, interests, state of health, dress and grooming, choice of lifestyle, and use of talents in fact, through everything the individual says or does. In turn, every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five senses and personal biorhythm system. An individual screens, selects, regulates, and controls specific aspects of this Information through a process of mental choices. Some of these choices are automatic。 some are subconscious because of habit, block, or lack of development。 and some are made by a conscious process. The degree to which a person is able to municate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awareness, priority of need, and control of this process. The person with a b behavior disorder is shut off from the municative flow that normally exists among humans. His or her mind is confused, and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts, need, and emotions, and unable to make himself or herself understood. Sometimes the person may feel that he or she is municating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand. Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems, he or she is interested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others. The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others, so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay, the messages received are threatening ones. The causes of such municative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person’s processing of information. Sometimes a block is physical, as in deafness, mental retardation, brain tumor, or hardening of the cerebral arteries. However, the most mon causes of blocks are injuries to a person’s emotional system. Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings. They usually occur in childhood before good municative skills are learned, and they are connected to individual symbolism. Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening, it can have profound and plicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual. Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways, he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to municate. 61. The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human munication . A. is characterized by two features, form and meaning B. is mainly conducted through speech and writing C. is of two functions, stimulation and response D. takes two forms, verbal and nonverbal 62. In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with . A. municative ability B. external and internal messages C. information and mental processing D. conscious and subconscious awareness 63. Shut off from the municative flow, the person with a behavior disorder . A. is unable to focus attention on internal problems B. is isolated in internal problems C. relays threatening messages D. all of the above 64. Which of the following is universal according to the passage? . A. Neural blocks. B. Physical blocks. C. Cerebral blocks. D. Emotional blocks. 65. The passage ends with . A. the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorder B. the importance of acquiring good municative skills C. the significance of eliminating early emotional blocks D. the warning of emotional blocks mon in childhood Passage Two Depression is a state of low vitality and discontent with life in which the individual withdraws from normal life activities even to the point of considering death as an attractive alternative. Although everyone experiences “the blues” or periods of low spirits when nothing in life seems to go well, when everything seems to be an effort, and when efforts lead to frustration, these periods are usually brief and are likely to occur when the person is tired, hungry, lonely, or sick. Rest, good food, talking with friends, some fun, and/or an end to the sickness are usually enough to cure the blues. But when the low spirits persist, or when there are large swings in mood from elation to desolation, when nothing seems to catch the interest of the person, when relatives or friends cannot cheer the person and he or she continues to withdraw, then the person is depressed. Even such depressions are normal under certain circumstances. Anyone who is faced with a serious and painful illness or the loss of a limb, is exhausted by repeated narrow escapes from death (such as occurs in wartime），has been exposed to a dehumanizing environment（such as occurred with the Jews in Nazi Germany），has had an overwhelming series of stressful setbacks, or has experienced the death of several family members within a short time is expected to be depressed. However, there are many depressed people who seem to the casual observer to have no reason to be depressed. Depression under these circumstances stems from severe behavior disturbance in which the person sees himself or herself as worthless. Such an image is usually the result of the psychosocial conditioning of a childhood deprived of a parental role model of security, love, care, and attention essential for the development of trusting relationships. The depressed person needs to build a new image of himself or herself as a useful and needed person. Psychotherapy is often helpful in restoring natural inner confidence and capacity for meaningful and trusting relationships. The depressed person can find little beauty or fun in. life. His or her talk is filled with gloomy negatives. Doom and anxiety fill his or her mind. Depression is often cyclical, and when the anxiety does lift the person may demonstrate an opposite extreme of carefree irresponsibility. Although