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子宮頸上皮內瘤變cin與子宮頸癌(編輯修改稿)

2025-02-04 02:00 本頁面
 

【文章內容簡介】 Ⅱ 級): * 細胞異型性明顯, * 異常增殖細胞限于上皮層的下 2/ 3,未累及表層。 * 基底膜完整 子宮頸上皮內瘤變的病理特點 輕度不典型增生( CIN Ⅲ 級) 重度不典型增生 ( CIN Ⅲ 級): * 細胞異型性顯著, * 異常增殖細胞擴展 至上皮層的 2/ 3以上 或可達全層。 * 基底膜完整 子宮頸上皮內瘤變 宮頸原位癌( CIN Ⅲ 級) (cervical carcinoma in situ) 區(qū)別于早期浸潤癌 : 原位癌只限于上皮內,基底膜完整。 區(qū)別于與重度不典型增生: 細胞異型性較重度不典型增生嚴重。 原位癌累及腺體屬于原位癌。 原位癌常與不典型增生、早期浸潤癌 或浸潤癌同時存在,診斷時應予以注意 CIN III 子宮頸炎 CIN III CINIII (Carcinama in situ) 子宮頸癌的病理特點 (大體) 子宮頸粗大,宮頸原形消失 糜爛型 外生型:子宮頸增大、菜花樣增生。 內生型:浸潤結節(jié)性宮頸膨大 呈潰瘍空洞狀 子宮頸鱗癌 This is the gross appearance of a cervical squamous cell carcinoma that is still limited to the cervix (stage I). The tumor is a fungating red to tan to yellow mass. Here is another cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Note the IUD string protruding from the cervix. This implies that someone could have done a Pap smear when it was inserted. There is a natural history of progression of dysplasia to carcinoma, so don39。t leave dysplasias alone. 子宮頸鱗癌 This is a larger cervical squamous cell carcinoma which spread to the vagina. A total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooopherectomy (TAHBSO) was performed This is a pelvic exenteration done for stage IV cervical carcinoma. At the left, dark vulvar skin leads to vagina and to cervix in the center, where an irregular tan tumor mass is seen infiltrating upward to the bladder. A slitlike endometrial cavity is surrounded by myometrium at the midright. The rectum and sigmoid colon are at the bottom extending to the right. This is another pelvic exenteration for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The irregular greybrown tumor extends toward bladder and up into the uterus. 子宮頸鱗癌 IV Above the black arrow the cleft is lined by typical endocervical epithelium with basal nuclei. ? Below the black arrow the nuclei are enlarged and no mucin is readily visible. (Description By:Melinda Sanders, . ) (Image Contrib. by:Melinda Sanders, . UCHC ) Adenocarcinoma in Situ of Endocervix (Medium Power Adenocarcinoma in Situ of Endocervix (High Power) The nuclei are piled up with little orientation to the lumen. ? The N:C is very high. ? The nuclei show clearing and clumping of chromatin. ? Some large nucleoli can be seen. ? Mucin vacuoles are inconspicuous. (Description By:Melinda Sanders, . ) (Image Contrib. by:Melinda Sanders, . UCHC ) Adenocarcinoma in Situ of Endocervix (Low Power) The arrows point to an intact basement membrane surrounding an endocervical cleft that is lined by glandular cells with malignant features. ? At this power the multiple cell layers lining the cleft are evident throwing the epithelium into papillae. (Description By:Melinda Sanders, . ) (Image Contrib. by:Melinda Sanders, . UCHC ) 子宮頸癌組織類型 (原發(fā)、子宮頸浸潤癌) 鱗癌 squamous Ca.( 90% ~95%) 腺鱗癌 adenosquamous Ca.( 2%) 腺癌 adenocarcinoma( 5%~8%) 透明細胞癌 clear cell Ca.( l%) 腺角化癌 adenocathoma( 0. 8%) 子宮頸癌的病理特點 原位癌: carcinoma in situ 侵犯全層,基底膜完整,間質內無癌浸潤 早期浸潤癌 early invasive carcinoma(Ⅰ a 期 ): 侵犯全層,突破基底膜 ? 3mm,少量癌細胞呈芽狀、淚滴狀、指狀浸入間質,無融合,血管、淋巴管內無瘤栓。 浸潤癌 invasive carcinoma ( Ⅰ b 期 ): 上皮癌變,廣泛浸潤間質。 子宮頸癌臨床分期( FIGO 1995) 0 期 原位癌或上皮癌 Ⅰ 期 癌嚴格 限于子宮頸 向宮體擴展在分期中不予考慮 Ⅰ a 期 鏡下 浸潤癌診斷。 a1期 極少間質浸潤, 可測量癌間質浸潤深度 3mm,寬度 7mm。 a2期 可測量癌間質浸潤深度 3mm, 5 mm 寬度 7mm。 Ⅰ b 期 局限于宮頸 的臨床癌及 Ⅰ a 期的臨床前癌。 b1期 臨床癌變范圍 4cm。 b2期 臨床癌變范圍 4cm。 子宮頸癌臨床分期( FIGO 1995) Ⅱ 期 癌灶超越宮頸,陰道浸潤未達下 1/3, 宮旁浸潤末達盆壁。 Ⅲ 期 癌灶超越宮頸,陰道浸潤已達下 1/3, 宮旁浸潤已達盆壁。 有腎盂積水或無腎功能者均列入 Ⅲ 期, 但非癌所致的腎盂, 積水或腎無功能者除外。 Ⅳ 期 癌播散超出真骨盆, 或癌浸潤膀胱粘膜及直腸粘膜。 宮頸癌轉移特點 直接蔓延、淋巴轉移、血行轉移 ? 沿陰道穹隆 → 陰道 ? 盆腔各組淋巴結 → 髂總淋巴結 → 腹主動脈旁淋巴結 ? 比較長期局限在盆腔內、膀胱、直腸, 較少受到深層浸潤 宮頸癌轉移特點 直接蔓延 : 向下侵犯陰道, 向上可累及子宮下段及宮體, 向兩側擴散到宮頸旁組織、主、骶韌帶、壓迫輸尿管并浸犯陰道旁組織, 向前后可侵犯膀胱和直腸。 宮頸癌轉移特點 淋巴轉移 是子宮頸癌轉移的主要途徑,轉移率與臨床期別有關。 初程淋巴結轉移:最初受累的淋巴結有宮頸旁、閉孔、髂內、髂外淋巴結。 次程淋巴結轉移:繼而受累的淋巴結有骶前、髂總、腹主動脈和腹股溝深淺組。 晚期還可出現左鎖骨上淋巴結轉移。 宮頸癌轉移特點 血行轉移 較少見,多發(fā)生在晚期。 主要轉移部位有肺、肝、骨等處。 子宮頸癌臨床表現 早期可無癥狀。 陰道出血
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