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迫時(shí),根際的有機(jī)碳分泌量增加。 根系分泌的主要區(qū)域是根尖和側(cè)根區(qū)。 表 22 主根不同區(qū)域分泌 32P、 35S和 45Ca的強(qiáng)度( 103cpm/100mg DW) 根區(qū)(距根尖距離)( cm) 0~ 4 4~ 8 8~ 12 12~ 16 16~ 20 20~ 24 24~ 28 玉米 32P 35S 0 0 45Ca 豌豆 32P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35S / 45Ca 0 0 0 0 0 / 三葉草 32P 0 0 0 0 / 35S 0 0 0 0 / 45Ca 0 / / 低分子有機(jī)溶質(zhì) 根系分泌物的主要組分時(shí)糖、有機(jī)酸、氨基酸和酚類化合物。其中主要是糖和有機(jī)酸。 有機(jī)酸在活化土壤養(yǎng)分方面有重要意義。如難溶性磷礦物、鐵、錳化合物的溶解等; ? When grown under P deficient conditions, some species can form ―proteoid roots‖ – clusters of short rootlets on main root axes. These rootlets secrete anic anions (citrate, malate) and acidify the rhizosphere to increase the availability of P. They also secrete water at night thus enhancing the diffusion of P to the root surface. ? Secretions are very important for acquiring Fe because, under aerobic conditions and at the usual pH of soils, the concentration of Fe in the soil solution (? 108 M between pH 5 and 9) is well below the minimum concentration for adequate plant growth. Two strategies are employed to increase the availability of Fe. ? Strategy I (below, left) is used by dicots and nongraminaceous monocots. It involves the secretion of phenolic chelators, acidification of the rhizosphere, and increased activity of a membranebound FeIII reductase. Iron is taken up as FeII. ? Strategy II (above, right) is found only in the Gramineae and involves the secretion of specific FeIII chelators called phytosiderophores. These have very high affinity for FeIII and can mobilise Fe from insoluble sources. 異株克生現(xiàn)象 銀菊膠的根系分泌異肉桂酸,燕麥分泌莨菪亭,桃樹根分泌的苦杏仁苷,蘋果根分泌的根皮苷、苜蓿根分泌的皂角苷,冰草根分泌的嵌二萘等物質(zhì)對某些植物或菌類有抑制作用,產(chǎn)生“異株克生”或“忌地”現(xiàn)象 苜蓿、燕麥、冰草對樹木,如蘋果幼樹有顯著的抑制作用; 梯形馬塘分泌的異綠原酸、綠原酸、磺基水楊酸等對茶樹有抑制作用; 菟絲子對苜蓿危害很大,臭椿葉子分泌物對其有殺傷作用; 匍匐冰草對玉米生長有抑制作用。 異株克生現(xiàn)象 亞麻的一些品種的根系分泌物,如氫氰酸對其它植物的繁殖,有毒害作用。 葡萄與甘藍(lán)相克,鈴蘭與菟絲子相克;雀菜對葡萄生長有影響。 有些植物的分泌物對其它植物的生長有促進(jìn)作用:豆科作物與禾本科作物;紅薯種子可促進(jìn)香瓜種子發(fā)芽;馬鈴薯的淋洗物澆到大麥上可促進(jìn)其健壯生長; 有些根系分泌物對根際有害微生物有抑制作物,提高作物抗病性 : 如大麻可以減輕后作馬鈴薯的晚疫?。卉俎?梢允姑藁ǖ牡蛭〉陌l(fā)生明顯降低;前作為車前草時(shí),可以是亞麻的立枯病感染率降低。 黏液與黏膠 ? 黏液 是根冠細(xì)胞的分泌物,也可由表皮細(xì)胞釋放出來。主要成分是多糖和多聚半乳糖醛酸。黏液的分泌量與根系生長速度之間呈正相關(guān)。 ? 黏膠 在土壤中,黏液中常有微生物