畢業(yè)論文格式___english(編輯修改稿)
2025-06-12 20:38 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ce, function and the way of explanation of metaphor as three nuclei. He defines metaphor as “the application of an alien name by transference either from genus to species, or from species to genus, or from species to species, or by analogy, that is, proportion”(Aristotle 71). Then he gives four kinds of metaphor: Since ?lying at anchor? is a species of the genus ?lying?, one can say ?there lies my ship? (genustospecies metaphor), since ?ten thousand? is a species of a ?large number?, one can say verily ten thousand noble deeds hath Odysseus wrought (speciestogenus metaphor). Since ?to draw away? and ?to cleave? are each a species of the genus ?taking away?, one can say with blade of bronze drew away the life (speciestospecies metaphor). And since old age is to life as evening to the day, one can say that old age is the evening of life (ibid.). (此符號 ，引文出處與上相同。本例為整段引用，即 block quotation， 前后空五號字一行 ) In Rhetoric,（書名 斜體 ） Aristotle says that the best metaphors are those that achieve the effect of bringing things vividly before the eyes of the audience. He argues that 引文：前縮進 10個字母、后不縮進、上下各空1 行 一級標(biāo)題 標(biāo)題上面小三Times New Roman， 空三行，單倍行距 一級標(biāo)題單獨起頁、 Times New Roman 三號、頂格加粗、下空小四一行 二級標(biāo)題、 Times New Roman 四號、頂格加粗、下不空行 this effect is “produced by words which refer to things in action”( ibid. 9293). “The best image involves a metaphor”(ibid. 96). From the above statements, we know that Aristotle views metaphor as a rhetorical device and an embellishment of language. Finally he establishes his theory on metaphor—Comparison Theory. It is the earliest theory in the history of the study of metaphor. Its main gist is: A metaphor can therefore only describe preexisting similarities. It can?t create similarities (Lakoff amp。 Johnson 1980: 153).（如果在論文中引用同一作者的不同的著作，應(yīng)加上出版年代以示區(qū)別） Black’s Interaction Theory（章內(nèi)每節(jié)標(biāo)號及標(biāo)題左起頂格，四號字，加粗，前后空一行為小四號字。 Introduction to Interaction Theory Interaction Theory was originated from I. A. Richards?
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