【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 with conservative tastes are often difficult to please. D) Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer. 30. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on ________. A) its main characteristic B) its social impact C) its possible consequence D) its theoretical basis Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy (冷漠 ) and stagnation (呆滯 ). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂 ) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and petitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more plex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profitseeking anizations and others for notforprofit anizations. Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of anization. Specifically, managers in notforprofit anizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their anizations and that it promoted higher quality decision making than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of forprofit anizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poorquality decision making in their anizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria for effective decision making suggested by the executives. In the profitseeking anizations, decisionmaking effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the notforprofit anizations, decisionmaking effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the plexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions. 31. In the eyes of the author, conventional opinion on conflict is ________. A) wrong B) oversimplified C) misleading D) unclear 32. Professor Charles R. Schwenk?s research shows ________. 2020年 1月大學(xué)英語六級 (CET6)真題試卷 8 / 373 大家網(wǎng) ，原創(chuàng)精品中心 ！ 更多精品持續(xù)發(fā)布中！ A) the advantages and disadvantages of conflict B) the real value of conflict C) the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict D) the plexity of defining the roles of conflict 33. We can learn from Schwenk?s research that ________. A) a person?s view of conflict is influenced by the purpose of his anization B) conflict is necessary for managers of forprofit anizations C) different people resolve conflicts in different ways D) it is impossible for people to avoid conflict 34. The passage suggests that in forprofit anizations ________. A) there is no end of conflict B) expression of different opinions is encouraged C) decisions must be justifiable D) success lies in general agreement 35. People working in a notforprofit anization ________. A) seem to be difficult to satisfy B) are free to express diverse opinions C) are less effective in making decisions D) find it easier to reach agreement Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Imagine eating everything delicious you wantwith none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn?t it? New “fake fat” products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a pound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new pound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients (營養(yǎng)物 ) and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it?s up to decide whether the new fatfree products taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can?t be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (腸 ) “grab” molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say it?s that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, 2020年 1月大學(xué)英語六級 (CET6)真題試卷 9 / 373 大家網(wǎng) ，原創(chuàng)精品中心 ！ 更多精品持續(xù)發(fā)布中！ and K from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (類胡蘿卜素 ), pounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming. 36. We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that ________. A) contains plenty of nutrients B) renders foods caloriefree while retaining their vitamins C) makes foods easily digestible D) makes food