廢除碳關(guān)稅外文翻譯-其他專業(yè)(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-24 11:09 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 where France and Germany argue it would protect domestic industry if other nations do not agree to cut their emissions. There are two designs of carbon tariff, depending on what types of products are included. The simplest covers only primary energyintensive materials, such as steel beams or plate glass. A prehensive tariff would cover energyintensive materials in all forms, including those embedded in finished goods such as the steel in a car or the aluminium in a can of soda. A hybrid 5 approach, which covers only some categories of embedded materials, can also be applied. For example, the tariff in the proposed US climate bill covers all energyintensive raw materials but only those finished goods that contain a ?substantial‘ amount of energyintensive materials. As a stick to motivate other countries to adopt climate policies, a carbon tariff is unlikely to be effective because US imports are small relative to total production in these countries. For example, in 2021, although the US imported about 50 million total tonnes of steel — in the form of raw and embedded materials — produced in tariffeligible countries, this represented only five per cent of total steel production in those countries6(Fig. 1). Previous work has shown that the percentage of exports is also low for other raw materials3. A tariff on only five per cent of production is an insufficient stick to induce such countries to implement prehensive climate change policy. Trade tariffs are emotionally appealing. Particularly in a recession, it is tempting to fall back on politically popular protectionist measures. But it may be impossible and would certainly be expensive to design a tariff that is effective in reducing emissions. Furthermore, the rationale that it would induce other countries to develop climate policies does not hold up to scrutiny. The tariff in America‘s Clean Energy Security Act is the worst of both worlds, as it doesn‘t cover all embedded materials — and is therefore not optimally designed to address the climate problem — but covers enough embedded materials to make it virtually impossible to implement. Especially given that other measures exist to protect domestic industry, such as the proposed carbonallowance rebate
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