工程中的微型計(jì)算機(jī)外文翻譯-其他專業(yè)(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-24 10:52 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ion to the system behavior. The microputer represents a fundamentally 11 different approach to the design of a system. Its physical form is quite simple and reliable, consisting of a few generalpurpose elements which can be programmed to make the system function as required. It is the controlling program which must be designed to give the system the required behavior, and which will contain ponents and “subassemblies” just like any other kind of engineering. The program, or software, is just of the engineered system as the physical hardware, but it is much less susceptible to failure, provided that it is designed properly. The idea of programmed systems is not new。 electronic puters have been in existence for many years. However, it has taken the development of the large scale integrated circuitthe silicon chipto produce puters which are cheap, rugged, and reliable enough to be incorporated into engineering designs as ponents. The techniques of software design are well known to puter scientists and it is not surprising that the principles of good engineering design and “software engineering” are essentially those of good engineering design. We shall see that engineering design using software allows systems to be designed more easily than using more conventional techniques. It is the bination of developments in electronic 12 device technology with those in puter technology which has enabled the microputer to be produced, and these technologies have “converged” to produce the microputer industry. Which we see today. FROM COMPUTER TO microputer The development of electronic technology has been the basis of the development of the puter, although the earliest puter antedates electronics by many decades. In fact the choice of candidate for “first puter” depends very much upon what we choose to regard as a puter。 for example one calculating aid, the abacus, has been knows since antiquity. Blaise Pascal invented the first real calculating machine in 1642。 this was a purely mechanical device consisting of a set of geared wheels arranged so that a plete revolution of any wheel rotated the wheel immediately to its left through onetenth of a revolution . In the first half of the nieenth century Babbage designed programmable calculation “engines” using mechanical techniques, although puters as we know them today were impractical because of the precision engineering 13 required to construct them. The twentieth century saw the arrival of electromechanical puters, which were developed for special military tasks such as codebreaking and gunaiming. However, these lack
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