【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ustralian Fire Engineering Guidelines were developed as the engineering code of practice supporting the new performancebased Building Code of Australia. Following the methods in 7 this guide, building fire safety performance is evaluated for smouldering, flaming nonflashover, and flaming flashover fires. The performance (ie., probability of detecting, extinguishing or controlling a fire event) of fire safety systems is predicted, accounting explicitly for the operational reliability of the particular system. Reliability estimates from an expert panel rather than from actual data are provided in the Guideline for this purpose. Finally, operational reliability data were reported in two separate studies in Japan. One study involved evaluation of fire incident reports from the city of Tokyo during the period from 1990 to 1997 [TokyoFire Department 19971. The other study involved review of fire incident reports throughout Japan during an earlier time period ending in 1978 [Watanabe 19791. Table 1provides a summary of the reliability estimatesprovided in these studies. Significant differences exist in the individual reliability estimates depending on the parameters used to develop these estimates. Depending on the required accuracy in predicting future operational performance of fire protection systems, dependence on the range of estimates from these studies could significantly alter the results. In addition, the uncertainty associated with a single estimate of reliability or the existence of potentially important biases in the methods used to derive these estimates may limit their direct usefulness in addressing either operational or performance reliability of fire protection systems. Table 1. Published Estimates for Fire Protection Systems Operational Reliability (Probability of Success (YO)) 8 NA= Not Addressed Review of Available Reliability Data Due to the limited applicability of the reliability estimates published in the general literature, the literature review was extended in an effort to (1) develop an improved understanding of the elements of each of the three strategies under consideration that influence reliability, and (2) identify and evaluate quantitative data regarding individual system operability and failure rates. Automatic Suppression Systems (., sprinkler systems) Table 2 provides a summary of reported operational reliability estimates from several studies that evaluated actual fire incidents in which automatic sprinklers were present. As a group, these studies vary significantly in terms of the reporting time periods, the types of occupancies, and the level of detail regarding the types of fires and the sprinkler system design. The estimates presented in Table 2 generally indicate relatively high operational reliability for automatic sprinkler systems. While some of the references include fire “control” or “extinguishment” as part of the reliability assessment, the reported data were not consistent. Therefore, operational reliability was assumed to be limited to sprinkler operation. The estimates also indicate a range of values, suggesting that it would be inappropriate to assign a 9 single value for sprinkler system reliability without attention to biases in the data sources and general uncertainty associated with bining data from different databases. Automatic fire extinguishing system (sprinkler system) Table 2 summarizes some studies estimate that the evaluation of the operational reliability of automatic sprinkler system, fire fighting actual fire incidents. As a group, these studies report very different in time period, type of housing and level of detail related to the type of fire and sprinkler system design. Table 2 shows the spray system operational reliability estimates are generally relatively high, while some studies the failure of the fire control or fire, as part of the assessment of reliability, but the report39。s data is not consistent. Therefore, the operational reliabilityassume that the operation is limited to spraying. assessment should also show the value range, suggesting not to use the deviation of a spray system reliability without attention to data and bining data from different databases uncertainty sources. Table 2 of the original budget by the reliability estimates range from % to % [Taylor] the low value of m Taylor39。s study and some kook overestimated (%) report that these significant deviationthe data used in these studies. In both studies, the number of fires is very small, and in the database does not distinguish between automatic fire extinguishing systems and o ther firefighting system. The final % of the maybee and marryat reported high estimates reflect a spray system in the inspection, testing and maintenance of a rigorous and well documented. The data obtained from the spray system, another important limitation is that most of the Automatic Sprinkler System records sprinkler accident. In these studies, very limited accident data with reference to the rapid response or a suitable water jet technology. Assess the reliability of the appropriate sprinkler system should be particularly concerned about several factors, including (1) allows coverage within, (2) lower water supply capacity, (3) remote control or alarm systems have great potential in the fire . Based on this, there are other factors related to these technologies (such as maintenance level) can directly affect the operational reliability of these 10 types of Automatic Sprinkler System. In addition, you also need to resolve these problems, the system data, but based on later observations and general hous