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n rebelled against god and how adam and eve were driven1out of bunyan, the plain man’s pathway to 。daniel defoe, robinson crusoe, the first english novel, 是一部現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說(shuō),作品的主題是通過(guò)對(duì)主人公魯濱孫的成功刻畫,歌頌資本主義上升時(shí)期那種不畏艱難和困苦,充滿野心和冒險(xiǎn)精神,富有百折不撓,頑強(qiáng)毅力和斗志,依靠自己的雙手改變一切、創(chuàng)造一切的自我?jiàn)^斗和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神。is a realistic novel, the theme is according to the successfully describe of the hero robinson, sing the praises of the not afraid of hardships and difficulties, and full of ambition and spirit of adventure , indomitable will power and fighting power, what’s more, the spirit of selfmade depending on oneself in the liftperiod of swift, his gulliver’s travels, 抨擊當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)的議會(huì)政治和反動(dòng)的宗教勢(shì)力,通過(guò)描寫格列佛四次遇險(xiǎn),寫出了作者看透了當(dāng)代的腐敗,以諷刺的方法,抨擊了當(dāng)時(shí)腐敗的社會(huì)。attack the britainparliamentarism and reactionary religious forces, according to describe gulliver’s fourtime distress to show the writer has understood the contemporary social corruption, and attack the corrupted society by satire at that tinry fielding is the father of english smith is the first american jefferson is the writer of the declaration of literature of romanticism period is from american war of independence to before the civil ing historical romance loaded with symbolism and deep psychological themes, bordering ondepictions of the past are a version of historical fiction used only as a vehicle to expresstranscendentalism是美國(guó)浪漫主義最高潮時(shí)期的體驗(yàn),認(rèn)為世間萬(wàn)物都是平等的。henry david thoreau is the beginner of melville, american novelist, proser and dick, in which shows the struggle betweenmankind and nature and draw people’s attention on how to get along with nature wants to subvert sonnet 18shall i pare thee to a summer39。s day?我能否將你比作夏天?thou art more lovely and more temperate:你比夏天更美麗溫婉。rough winds do shake the darling buds of may,狂風(fēng)將五月的蓓蕾凋殘,and summer39。s lease hath all too short a date。夏日的勾留何其短暫。sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,休戀那麗日當(dāng)空,and often is his gold plexion dimm39。d,轉(zhuǎn)眼會(huì)云霧迷蒙。and every fair from fair sometime declines,休嘆那百花飄零,by chance or nature39。s changing cours