【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 合適的人去完成 。負(fù)責(zé) 表現(xiàn)在一個(gè)工作的完成需要委派有責(zé)任心并且合適的人來完成 。該負(fù)責(zé)的人是唯一能最終負(fù)責(zé)正確、完整的完成 這項(xiàng) 任務(wù)。 信息主管所扮演的是那種觀點(diǎn)具有探索性且始終保持對(duì)最新信息的敏銳性的角色。 Furthermore, each of the IT Process has control objectives to successfully implement in the enterprise. Control means the policies which is equipped with procedures, practices and anizational structures. A control is needed to assure that business objectives will be achieved and undesired events will be prevented or detected and corrected[14].The control objectives of IT Processes provide a plete set of highlevel requirements for management consideration over the IT Processes considering the value and the risk of the implementation. 此外 ,每一組的工藝控制目標(biāo)企業(yè)成功地實(shí)施?？刂剖侄斡械恼吆统绦?,慣例和組織結(jié)構(gòu)?？刂剖切枰_保業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的 ,并且清淡的事件會(huì)避免或探測(cè)與改正 [14]它的控制目標(biāo)過程提供一套完整的高級(jí)管理要求的考慮考慮在包括的價(jià)值和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的實(shí)施。 Hence, the enterprise needs to select the control objectives that are applicable, and then decide those that will be implemented. Furthermore, the enterprise should make its own best practice which consists of the act to implement the control objectives and also consider the risk of not implementing the control objectives. In summary, the control objectives are statements of desired results or goals which an enterprise would like to be achieved with the implementation of control procedures over related IT Processes[18],[21]. 因此 ,企業(yè)需要選擇控制的目標(biāo) ,都適用 ,再?zèng)Q定那些得以執(zhí)行。此外 ,企業(yè)需做出自己的最佳實(shí)踐 ,由該法案實(shí)施控制目標(biāo)和也會(huì)考慮可能無法實(shí)施總量控制與排污權(quán)交易的目標(biāo)?？傊?,控制目標(biāo)的陳述的期望的結(jié)果或目標(biāo)企業(yè)想達(dá)到與實(shí)施控制程序在相應(yīng)的 IT 過程 。 The Enterprise Maturity Level(EML)in COBIT 企業(yè)成熟度等級(jí) (COBIT EML) The EML model in COBIT is a method for evaluating the maturity of IT Processes in an enterprise, and is classified into six levels of maturity from nonexistent (level 0)to optimized(level 5).This model is derived from the maturity model of the Software Engineering Institute (SEI)which is defined for the maturity of software development capability. The definition is similar to Capability Maturity Model(CMM)but is interpreted for the nature of the management of IT Processes in COBIT. Moreover, the purpose of EML model is not to assess the adherence level of the control objectives, but to identify where issues are and how to set priorities for improvements. EML 模型的 COBIT 是一種評(píng)價(jià)方法 ,它的成熟過程中 ,企業(yè)分為六的成熟度等級(jí)從根本不存在的 (要求等級(jí) 0)優(yōu)化選取 (要求等級(jí) 5),這一模型來源于成熟度模型的軟件工程研究所 (斯德哥爾摩環(huán)境研究所 )的定義是成熟的軟件開發(fā)能力。定義類似能力成熟度模型 (CMM),而是解釋的自然 COBIT 管理過程。此外 ,其目的 EML評(píng)估模型不是堅(jiān)持控制目標(biāo)水平 ,但識(shí)別 那些問題 ,如何設(shè)置優(yōu)先權(quán)整改。 Within nonexistent(level 0),the management processes are not applied at all. In the initial/adhoc(level 1),there is no standardized process. Within repeatable but intuitive(level 2)there is no formal munication of standard procedures. It may exist informal understanding of policies and procedures. Further in the defined process (level 3)the management processes are standardized, documented and municated. It exists on the definition and documentation of policies and procedures for all key activities. Whereas in managed and measurable(level 4), the pliance monitoring and measurement of the implemented policies and procedures for developing and maintaining all processes are taken. Furthermore in the optimized(level 5),processes, policies and procedures are standardized and integrated in the continuous improvement management[14],[21]. 在不存在的 (要求等級(jí) 0)、管理過程是不適用的。在初始 /特設(shè)的 (要求等級(jí) 1),沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的過程。在重復(fù)但是直覺 (要求等級(jí) 2級(jí) )溝通并沒有正式的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序。它可能存在的非正式了解的政策和程序。已定義過程的進(jìn)一步 (要求等級(jí) 3)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理過程 ,形成文件 ,溝通。它存在的定義和歸檔政策和程序的所有關(guān)鍵活動(dòng)。而在管理和 可測(cè)量的 (要求等級(jí) 4)、合規(guī)監(jiān)視和測(cè)量這些執(zhí)行的政策和程序?yàn)榱税l(fā)展和保持所有的過程都有人了。另外 ,在優(yōu)化 (要求等級(jí)5)、過程、政策和程序標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和綜合化在不斷改善管理 Failures of Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP) 企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃的失敗 ERP system is an integrated software solution, which is typically offered by a vendor as a package. The package offers seamless integration of all the information that flows through the enterprise. The information also reflect the business process in the enterprise, such as financial, accounting, human resources, supply chain, and customer information[22][23]. ERP 系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)集成的方法 ,構(gòu)建了軟件解決方案 ,這是典型的供應(yīng)商提供的一個(gè)包裹。包裝的無縫集成提供的所有信息流過的企業(yè)。這信息也反映了在企業(yè)業(yè)務(wù)流程 ,如金融服務(wù)、財(cái)務(wù)、人力資源、供應(yīng)鏈、及客戶信息 Wallace and Kremzar [3]described ERP system as an enterprisewide set of management directions that balances demand and supply, integrates the customers and suppliers into a plete suppl