【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 with. Decision of strategic importance, particularly strategic decisionmaking may be assisted by the administration information system, and its good or bad directly affects living and the development up the business. The MIS is impeding the orientation development that the administration means one another unites through quality and ration. This express to utilize the administration in the calculation with the different mathematical model the problem in the quantitative analysis business. The past administer that the problem is difficult to test, but MIS may unite the administration necessaries, and supply the sufficient data, and simulates to produce the term in the interest of the administration. In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of information system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s grade. After the authority of business is centralized up highquality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In reality, the reappearance phase employed layer management among the information system queen not merely not to decrease, on the contrary there being the increase a bit. This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the business continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually. This pels people by means of study and cultivating, and continuously lifts individual’s quality. In The wake of the news dispatch and electric work and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living inparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficiency obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the , in the interest of the creativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term. At the moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more welldeveloped manufacturing industry strategy, and bee quickly manufacturing the business. It pletely on the basis of the user requirement anization design together with manufacture, may carry on the largescale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programming to the machinery with to the resources and the reanization of personnel staff , constituted a fresh affrication system, and causes that manufacturing cost together with lot nearly have nothing to do with. Quickly manufacturing the business establishes a whole pletely new strategy dependence relation against consumer, and is able to arouse the structure of production once more revolution. The management information system is towards the selfadoption and Selflearning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation man who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases。 Yet also someone says, and what it is too many is dependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to prehend the effect to the business of MIS, and is favor of us to be living in development and the research work, and causes the business anization and administer the better development against MIS of system and administration means , and establish more valid MIS. The Source Of Article： Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal 管理信息系統(tǒng) 管理信息系統(tǒng)就是我們常說的 MIS(Management Information System), 在強(qiáng)調(diào)管理，強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中它變得越來越重要、 越來越普及。 MIS 是一門新的學(xué)科，它跨越了若干個(gè)領(lǐng)域，比如管理科學(xué)、系統(tǒng)科學(xué)、運(yùn)籌學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)以及計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。在這些學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)上，形成信息收集和加工的方法，從而形成一個(gè)縱橫交織的系統(tǒng)。 1．管理信息系統(tǒng)概述 20 世紀(jì)，隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展，眾多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家紛紛提出了新的管理理論。 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代，西蒙提出管理依賴于信息和決策的思想。同時(shí)期的維娜發(fā)表了控制論，他認(rèn)為管理是一個(gè)控制過程。 1958 年，蓋爾寫到：“管理將以較低的成本得到及時(shí)的、準(zhǔn)確的信息，做到較好的控制”。這個(gè)時(shí)期，計(jì)算機(jī)開始用于會(huì)計(jì)工作。數(shù)據(jù)處理一詞 已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。 1970 年， Walter 給剛剛出現(xiàn)的管理信息系統(tǒng)一詞下了一個(gè)定義：“以扣頭或書面的形式，在合適的時(shí)間向經(jīng)理、職員以及外界人員提供過去的、現(xiàn)在的、預(yù)測未來的有關(guān)企業(yè)內(nèi)部及其環(huán)境的信息，以幫助他們進(jìn)行決策”。 在這個(gè)定義里強(qiáng)調(diào)了用信息支持決策，但并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用模型，沒有提到計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用。 1985 年，管理信息系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)始人，名尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的管理學(xué)教授 Gordon 給了管理信息系統(tǒng)一個(gè)較為完整的定義，即“管理信息系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)利用計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件資源以及數(shù)據(jù)庫的人 機(jī)系統(tǒng)。它能 提供信息支持企業(yè)或組織的運(yùn)行、管理和決策功能?！? 這個(gè)定義全面的說明了管理信息系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)、功能和組成，而且反映了管理信息系統(tǒng)在當(dāng)時(shí)達(dá)到的水平。 管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史 管理信息系統(tǒng)在初級(jí)階段是統(tǒng)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，所研究的內(nèi)容是數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)間表面的規(guī)律，它可以把數(shù)據(jù)分成較相關(guān)和較不相關(guān)的組，然后把數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為信息。 第二階段是數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，其典型代表是美國航空公司于 20 世紀(jì) 50 年代建成的SABRE 預(yù)約訂票系統(tǒng)。它設(shè)有 1008 個(gè)訂票點(diǎn)，可以存取 600000 個(gè)旅客記錄和27000 個(gè)飛行段記錄。它的操作比較復(fù)雜，在任何“點(diǎn)” 都可以查到某一航班是 否有空座位。但從概念上來講，它只是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，比如它不能告訴你以現(xiàn)在的售票速度何時(shí)票將售完，從而采取補(bǔ)救措施。因而它也是管理信息系統(tǒng)的低級(jí)階段。 第三階段是狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)，它可以分成生產(chǎn)狀況報(bào)告、服務(wù)狀態(tài)報(bào)告和研究狀態(tài)報(bào)告等系統(tǒng)。比如生產(chǎn)狀況報(bào)告系統(tǒng)，它的典型代表是 IBM 公司的生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)。眾所周知， IBM 公司是世界上最大的計(jì)算機(jī)公司， 1964 年它生產(chǎn)出中型計(jì)算機(jī) IBM360，使計(jì)算機(jī)的水平提高了一個(gè)臺(tái)階，但同時(shí)組織生產(chǎn)的管理工作卻大大復(fù)雜化了，一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)又超過 15000 個(gè)不同的部件 ，每個(gè)部件又有若干個(gè)元件，加之 IBM 的工廠遍及美國各地，不同的訂貨有不同的部件和不同的元件，必須指出什么工廠什么設(shè)備生產(chǎn)什么元件，因此不僅生產(chǎn)復(fù)雜，裝配、安裝和運(yùn)輸都十分復(fù)雜。為了保證生產(chǎn)以及其他環(huán)節(jié)的順利進(jìn)行，必須要有一個(gè)以計(jì)算機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)的生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)。因此同年 IBM 建立了先進(jìn)管理系統(tǒng) AAS,它能進(jìn)行 450 個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)的操作。 1968 年，公司又建立了公用制造信息系統(tǒng) CMIS,運(yùn)行很成功，過去需要 15 周的工作，該系統(tǒng)只用 3 周就可以完成。狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)還有一種形式是數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，它用來處理日常業(yè)務(wù)和生產(chǎn)報(bào)告，重點(diǎn)在 于將手工作業(yè)自動(dòng)化，提高效率和節(jié)省人力。數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)一般不能提供決策信息。 最后的階段是決策支持系統(tǒng)，它是用來輔助決策的信息系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以計(jì)劃、分析方案，審查解答和求解的誤差。它應(yīng)有較好的人 機(jī)對(duì)話方式，可以和不怎么熟悉計(jì)算機(jī)的人員通話。它一般包括一些模型用以產(chǎn)生決策信息，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)全面的管理功能。 管理信息系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用 管理信息系統(tǒng)起初應(yīng)用于最基礎(chǔ)的工作，如打印報(bào)表、計(jì)算工資、人事管等，進(jìn)而發(fā)展到企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)管理、庫存管理等單項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)管理，這屬于電子數(shù)據(jù)處理(EDP,Electroni9c Data Processing) 系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)建立了企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫，有了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)從而達(dá)到數(shù)據(jù)共享后，從系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，實(shí)施全局規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)時(shí)，就達(dá)到了管理信息系統(tǒng)階段。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的