外文翻譯--超市行業(yè)的演變-其他專業(yè)(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-24 00:38 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 e industry, from the reactions of independent grocers(and antitrust authorities)to the rise of the Great A amp。P Tea Company(Aamp。P)in the 1920s,to the response by incumbent chains to the introduction of the supermarket format in the 1940s,through to the current controversies surrounding WalMart. This paper, which tracks the evolution of the supermarket industry chronologically, is anized as follows. Section 1 describes the chain store revolution, 6 which was led by Aamp。P and introduced standardization and scale to the retail food industry. Section 2 describes the introduction of the supermarket format, which changed the scale of the stores themselves, and shifted the parative advantage back toward smaller firms. Section 3 covers the post war expansion of the supermarket industry, the march toward saturation, and the rise of alternative store formats. Section 4 details the information revolution that greatly expanded the number of products carried, the size of individual stores, and the need for careful coordination throughout the supply chain. Section 5 discusses the rise of WalMart and cautions against overstating its impact. Finally, Section 6 concludes with a brief discussion of the future of the retail food industry. Aamp。P and the Chain Store Revolution (1913–1930) Prior to 1900, American shoppers purchased their groceries through a wide array of specialty shops and general stores. Meat was purchased from a butcher, read from a baker, and produce from a vegetable stand. These stores were mostly sole proprietorships and often run in a haphazard manner. The Great Aamp。P Tea Company (Aamp。P) changed all of this. Although Aamp。P began as a mail order tea business in 1859, it was the move to grocery stores in the late 1800s that changed the nature of retailing. The economy format was a standardized store, selling branded products produced in Aamp。P factories and delivered through a vertically integrated supply chain of factories, warehouses, and trucks. Aamp。P quickly abandoned customer delivery and scaled back on credit, converting groceries to a cash and carry business. This move alone yielded single can?t cost savings. They introduced modern accounting practices and scientific management principles. The 1920s and early 30s were a period of creative destruction, as the new business model supplanted the old, and the independent grocers either adapted or perished. Although many (perhaps more than 100,000) small firms he grocery business in this period, some of the survivors began to form cooperative associations with independent wholesalers to bat the scale enjoyed by the major chains. By the late 1920s, the price importance between chains and independents began to shrink .Moreover, the possibility of the major chain stores declined throughout the late 1920?s and 1930?s as chain
醫(yī)療健康相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1