【文章內容簡介】 the passing of a loved one or job loss. We don39。t, as a society, have as much to say here. I think uncertainty does us all harm. We39。d feel better equipped to deal with uncertainty if we talked about it more. I had so fully bought into the belief that with enough effort, I could control what happened in my life. I actually caught myself thinking I could work my way out of my cancer. As it turns out, cancer doesn39。t really care about one39。s work. We might also make wiser decisions — this isn39。t just a feelgood exercise. For example, technology and medicine have progressed to the point that many patients are living longer than they would have even a decade ago. These are achievements worth celebrating. And yet I wonder if the focus on success is sometimes misguided here as well. If it is one reason why we tend to pursue expensive endoflife treatments, they often acplish little other than to make a patient39。s final days painful and frightening. The fact is that, when asked, many patients would rather focus on living meaningfully in their final days. My hope here is to make a case for thinking about meaning, in the same way we think about pursuing success. In that spirit, I39。ve asked several people, each of whom has met misfortune, how they find meaning in their lives. The diversity in their responses reflects the fact that there are no right or wrong answers here. We each can find meaning in different things.（1）What is the typical American idea? A.Success is the dream.B.Success lies in hard work.C.Apple pie is the best food.D.Failure is always avoidable.（2）What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A.Equipment.B.Culture.C.Uncertainty.D.Belief.（3）In their final days many patients actually want to______. A.live as long as possibleB.live a more meaningful lifeC.make great progress in medicineD.get expensive endoflife treatments（4）What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.The author thinks pursuing success is wrong.B.We can benefit from some unlucky things.C.We can find the same meaning in our life.D.Personally there are different meanings in life.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】短文大意：在美國人們經(jīng)常談論成功。成功是夢想，是終點。美國人認為努力工作就能獲得個人成功每個人都能在不同的事物中找到意義。 （1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的And not by coincidence the idea that hard work leads to personal success is as American as apple 。故選B。 （2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的We39。d feel better equipped to deal with uncertainty if we talked about it more. 可知我們會感覺更好地準備好應對不確定性，如果我們更多地談論它?？赏茢?，it指代的是不確定性。故選C。 （3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的The fact is that, when asked, many patients would rather focus on living meaningfully in their final ，在生命的最后幾天，許多病人實際上更專注于有意義的生活，故選B。 （4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段The diversity in their responses reflects the fact that there are no right or wrong answers here. We each can find meaning in different ，關于人生意義的回答，沒有對或錯的答案，每個人都能在不同的事物中找到意義，故選D。 【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。細節(jié)理解題要注意從文中尋找答案；推理判斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。5．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. After I was married and had lived in Japan for while, my Japanese gradually improved to the point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband and his friends and family. And I began to notice that often, when I joined in, the others would look surprised, and the conversational topic would e to a stop. After this happened several times, it became clear to me that I was doing something wrong. But for a long time, I didn39。t know what it was. Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my problem was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way. A Westernstyle conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, I don39。t expect you simply to agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add somethinga reason for agreeing, another example, or a detailed explanation to carry the idea further. But I don39。t expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or pletely disagree with me. Whether you agree or disagree, your response will return the ball to me. A Japanesestyle conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It39。s like bowling. You wait for your turn. And you always know your place in line. It depends on such things as whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in a senior or junior position, and so on. When your turn es, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball and carefully bowl it. Everyone else stands back and watches politely, murmuring encouragement. Everyone waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley（球場）and watches to see if it knocks down all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers your score. Then, after everyone is sure that you have pletely finished your turn, the next person in line steps up to the same starting line, with a different ball. He doesn39。t return your ball, and he does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns. There is no rush, no scramble for the ball. If you have been trained all your life to play one game, it is no simple matter to switch to another, even if you know the rules. Knowing the rules is not at all the same thing as playing the game.（1）The author makes all of the following arguments E