【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 But researchers are discovering that the very fear they put into prey（被捕食者）species is exactly what helps make ecosystems（生態(tài)）healthy. Yellowstone National Park is a typical example of just how wolves can help repair an ecosystem. An October 2018 study analyzed 40 years of research on large animals inside the park. Yellowstone has benefited from the reintroduction of wolves in ways that we did not anticipate, especially the plexity of biological interactions（互動） in the park, explained Mark Boyce, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences. We were really surprised at that and we39。d never have seen these responses if the park hadn39。t adopted ecologicalprocess management—allowing natural ecological processes to take place with least human intervention. After the wolves were reintroduced at Yellowstone, willow and cottonwood trees increased in number. The population of bears and bison also rose and what was once a ruling deerwolf interaction is now more diverse. To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy. In this documentary, biologist Aaron Wirsing explored why wolves and other top predators （捕食者）were needed for diverse ecosystems to develop. Using a simple video camera, Wirsing is gaining a unique view point on predatorprey relationships and changing the way we think about wolves. The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem. The fear they bring along may be the very angle that helps save them from dying out.（1）What does the underlined word anticipate in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Expect.B.Understand.C.Notice.D.Accept.（2）For what purpose was a documentary made? A.To introduce how wolves behave in the wild.B.To show how wolves benefit from ecosystems.C.To record how Aaron Wirsing observed wolves.D.To study what good wolves can do to ecosystems.（3）What is the significance of the research? A.It proves wolves feed on hundreds of species.B.It helps prove the importance of protecting wolves.C.It shows the plex relationships between species.D.It provides evidence that wolves are endangered animals.（4）What is the main idea of the passage? A.The fear of wolves is beneficial to ecosystems.B.The fear of wolves put them in danger of disappearing.C.Yellowstone National Park owes its healthy ecosystems to wolves.D.The introduction of wolves in Yellowstone National Park is a success.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明人類以及其他動物對狼的恐懼對維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的，其中黃石公園灰狼的引進就是一個典型的例子。 （1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的We were really surprised at that可知，黃石公園在意想不到的方面從重新引入狼中獲益。故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“To learn more about just how wolves are beneficial, a short documentary from Quest explains how the presence of wolves influences the behavior of deer, which eventually makes entire ecosystems more biologically diverse and healthy.”可知，拍攝紀錄片的目的是了解狼是如何對生態(tài)有益的。故選D。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The research is one more piece of evidence for why protecting these top predators is important not just for wolves as a species, but for hundreds of species at every level of an ecosystem.”可知，這項研究再次證明了為什么保護這些食肉動物不僅對狼這個物種很重要，而且對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的各個層面的物種都很重要。故這項研究的意義在于它有助于證明保護狼的重要性。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主要講述了人類以及其他動物對狼的恐懼對維持健康、平衡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是有益的，因為食草動物不會過度繁殖，從而保護了植物的生長。故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. The Rapid Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters During the winter of 2017, an 18year old college student named Canon Reeves spent much of his time trailing a kneehigh robot around Fayetteville, Arkansas, as it delivered Amazon packages to students. The robot, created by a startup called Starship Technologies in 2014, is basically a cooler on wheels。 it uses radars, sensors, and nine cameras to make deliveries. Reeves39。s job was to monitor how it handled various grounds, field ments from the public, and press the off switch if necessary. He said, People would also ask if it could deliver beer. It couldn39。t. Broadly speaking, jobs of caring for robots fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering and programming. The demand for people with this skill set is considerable, with 20 million to 50 million new jobs to be expected in this category by 2030, according to the Mckinsey Global Institute. In the year that ended in June 2018, had almost three times the number of positions on the recruitment mittee that ended in June 2016. Over the last year, a 34yearold businessman named David Rodriguez spent hundreds of hours following a machine called the KiwiBot around UC Berkeley39。s campus while it delivered Red bull and other drinks to students. To retrieve (檢索) orders, the app encourages students to give the robot a wave。 the robot39。s digital eyes will roll depending on its mood. Rodriguez, who heads business development for the startup, was tasked, early on, with monitoring the KiwiBot for problems – even carrying it, should the motors fail. Since April 2018, though, the KiwiBot has largely been left unattended, and the majority of human interactions involve technical checks and loading food into the robot. To eliminate the boring work, the team is developing a restaurant robot to collect and load orders – which could happen in 2020. However, Rodriguez assured me that his staff won39。t be out of work. Everyone holds double roles in the pany. Greater robot selfgoverning just means employees will shift their focus to accounting, engineering, and design. Mckinsey estimates that millions of jobs globally could be lost to automation