【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 f HIV, the virus responsible for the disease AIDS. The study reports the newlydeveloped rice produces proteins that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process prevents the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading. The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS reports that worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries. Nearly twothirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease. The new study predicts the ricebased method will lead to longterm use of the antiHIV treatment across the developing world. Researchers said the groundbreaking discovery is realistically the only way that antiHIV bination treatments can be produced at a cost low enough for the developing world. They say the easiest and most costeffective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIVfighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the cream themselves. This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine. The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.（1）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A.Stress the urgency of HIV treatments.B.Provide some data about HIV.C.Remind readers of HIV prevention.D.Introduce HIV to the public.（2）In which way will the rice be used at the lowest cost? A.By transforming it into proteins.B.By adding it to an oral drug.C.By attaching it to the HIV virus.D.By processing it into a cream.（3）What can we infer about the genetic engineering process? A.It can prevent infections of HIV.B.It can produce dangerous chemicals.C.It still requires perfecting.D.It applies to the developed world.（4）From which is the text probably taken? A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A social webpage.D.A first aid brochure.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家培育出可預(yù)防艾滋病病毒感染的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻。研究人員表示，這一“突破性”的發(fā)現(xiàn)是“現(xiàn)在唯一的”以低成本為發(fā)展中國家生產(chǎn)抗艾滋病毒聯(lián)合治療的方法，但還有待于進一步的完善。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017.... Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease” 可知，“2017年全世界有近3700萬人感染艾滋病毒。盡管口服藥物治療已經(jīng)有了進展減緩了疾病的發(fā)展，但現(xiàn)在還沒有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。由此可推斷出對于艾滋病的治療迫在眉睫，非常緊迫。分析選項可知A項符合題意， 故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“They say the easiest and most costeffective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin.”可知，最簡單、最劃算的使用方法是將大米制成面霜涂在皮膚上?！皌he most costeffective”與“the lowest cost”是同義詞，“make it into a cream”與“process it into a cream”是同義的。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.”可知，科學(xué)研究小組認為要進一步的測試，以確?；蚬こ踢^程不會產(chǎn)生任何可能對人類有害的額外化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可推斷這種基因工程的過程還需要進一步的完善。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了最近的一項研究，一種新的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻可以預(yù)防艾滋病病毒的感染。因此與人類的健康有關(guān)，所以本文可能是出現(xiàn)在健康雜志上，故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North Americaand their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world39。s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us. Because plastic wasn39。t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than billion tons have bee waste. And of that waste, a surprising billion tons never made it to a recycling binthe figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth39。s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone39。s attention with a rough estimate between million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just e from coastal regions. Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than onefifth of an inch across. This isn39。t a problem where we don39。t know what the solution is, says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. It39。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic. （1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1? A.To prove plastic was difficult to invent.B.To introduce what marine animals like eating.C.To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.D.To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.（2）What39。s the main trouble marine animals face according to the text? A.Lacking protection.16