【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ge groups.可知，在上世紀(jì)70年代、80年代和90年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中，老員工也被解雇了，但這次不一樣了，2008年金融危機(jī)期間以及此后，他們的表現(xiàn)都優(yōu)于其他年齡段的人，可知，作者所說(shuō)的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)也違反了規(guī)則的意思是老員工在勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)上受的影響很小（沒(méi)有被解雇），故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的In the past, earlyretirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push greyhaired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped可知，過(guò)去，政府的提前退休政策（錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為這些政策有助于年輕人）使得把老員工趕出家門(mén)的成本更低，現(xiàn)在這些政策已經(jīng)基本上停止了，由此可知，事實(shí)證明，提前退休政策的用處不大，而且?guī)缀醪辉儆行Я?，故選A。 （3）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)最后一段中的Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded.可知，很多人會(huì)認(rèn)為，老員工做得更好是以犧牲年輕員工為代價(jià)的。這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，此處解釋為什么這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的，說(shuō)的是認(rèn)為一個(gè)人得到的工作就是另一個(gè)人失去的工作本身就是一種謬論，由此可知畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞詞義為錯(cuò)誤的觀念，故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation可知，在工作場(chǎng)所，年輕人和老年人基本上不是替換關(guān)系，他們?cè)诓煌男袠I(yè)做不同的工作，由此可知，作者會(huì)同意老年人留在工作崗位上不一定會(huì)威脅到年輕人的工作，故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和句義猜測(cè)四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universelife probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way. As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist. Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates(除去) all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere。 a larger one would hold too much of it. Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify. Finally, life could evolve(進(jìn)化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away. If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets。 they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out. This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.（1）The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT . right amount of atmosphere own solar system heat and light right distance from the sun（2）Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? planet must be as big and heavy as the earth. conditions are essential to the existence of life. stars can provide steady light and heat. distance between a planet and its sun should be right.（3）What kind of planet might NOT support life? of the planets of the stars. similar to our sun. similar to the earth. with proper conditions.（4）At the end of the passage the author suggests that . is impossible for life to exist on planets life could only exist on a few planets could exist on only one planet in a million could exist on a great number of planets【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，整個(gè)宇宙都是由同一種物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，物質(zhì)在宇宙的每一部分都遵循同樣的規(guī)律。因此，我們有理由猜測(cè)，其他恒星，以及它們自己的行星，都是以與我們太陽(yáng)系相同的方式誕生的。我們對(duì)地球上生命的了解表明，只要存在適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件，生命就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere”；第四段中“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light.”以及第五段中“Finally, life could evolve(進(jìn)化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun”可知，生命的進(jìn)化需要適當(dāng)數(shù)量和種類(lèi)的大氣、穩(wěn)定的光和熱供應(yīng)以及行星與太陽(yáng)的距離恰到好處。文章中沒(méi)有提到生命的進(jìn)化需要太陽(yáng)系。故選B。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. ” 可知，生命也需要穩(wěn)定的光和熱供應(yīng)。這就排除了雙星，或突然爆發(fā)的恒星。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets。 they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet.”可知，大部分行星都不能維持生命，因?yàn)樗麄円措x太陽(yáng)太近，要么離太陽(yáng)太遠(yuǎn)，要么與地球大小和重量不一樣，而且適當(dāng)?shù)臈l件也并不一定意味著生命確實(shí)。故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.”可知， 然而，即使生命可能只存在于百萬(wàn)分之一的行星上，但仍有數(shù)十億的行星可能存在生命?？芍?，生命可能在許多星球存在。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀下列短文，從短文后每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 So many of us hold on to little resentments that may have e from an argument, a misunderstanding, or some other painful event. Stubbornly, we wait for someone else to reach out to us—believing this is the only way we can forgive or rekindle a friendship or family relationship. An acquaintance of mine, whose health isn39。t very good, recently told me that she hadn39。t spoken to her son in almost three years. She said that she and her son had had a disagreement about his wife and that she wouldn39。t speak to him again unless he called first. When I suggested that she be the one to reach out, she resisted initially and said, I can39。t do that. He39。s the one who should apologize. She was literally willing to die before reaching out to her only son. After a little gentle encouragement, however, she did decide to be the first one to reach out. To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered an apology of his own. As is usually the case when someone takes the chance and reaches out, everyone wins. Whenever we