【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ourselves about the world and our place in it, in order to help us manage the terror of death. And these immortality stories have thousands of different manifestations, but I believe that behind the apparent diversity there are actually just four basic forms that these immortality stories can take.
　　目前，在這偏誤背后，有超過(guò)400多項(xiàng)研究，被稱之為恐懼管理理論，這個(gè)理論很簡(jiǎn)單，我們發(fā)展出我們的世界觀。即我們告訴自己一個(gè)，關(guān)于時(shí)間和我們所在地方的故事，以便幫助我們管理，對(duì)死亡的恐懼。而這些永生的故事，有上千種不同的表現(xiàn)形式，但我相信在這些多樣化的面目下，實(shí)際只有四種基本形式，是這些永生故事都有的。
　　And we can see them repeating themselves throughout history, just with slight variations to reflect the vocabulary of the day. Now Iamp。39。m going to briefly introduce these four basic forms of immortality story, and I want to try to give you some sense of the way in which theyamp。39。re retold by each culture or generation using the vocabulary of their day.
　　并且我們能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們，在歷史中不斷重復(fù)，僅僅只有細(xì)微的差異，用來(lái)反應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)的語(yǔ)言。下面我會(huì)簡(jiǎn)要介紹這四種，永生故事的基本形式，并且我希望讓你們知道，在各個(gè)文化，或在不同時(shí)代中，使用當(dāng)時(shí)的語(yǔ)言傳播的方式。
　　Now, the first story is the simplest. We want to avoid death, and the dream of doing that in this body in this world forever is the first and simplest kind of immortality story, and it might at first sound implausible, but actually, almost every culture in human history has had some myth or legend of an elixir of life or a fountain of youth or something that promises to keep us going forever.
　　第一個(gè)故事是最簡(jiǎn)單的。我們想要逃避死亡，并且夢(mèng)想著這身軀，能永久留存在世上，是第一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的永生故事，一開(kāi)始聽(tīng)起來(lái)有些難以置信，但事實(shí)上，在人類歷史上的每一種文化，都流傳著一些神話或傳說(shuō)，關(guān)于長(zhǎng)生藥或者不老泉，或者能讓我們一直，活下去的東西。
　　Ancient Egypt had such myths, ancient Babylon, ancient India. Throughout European history, we find them in the work of the alchemists, and of course we still believe this today, only we tell this story using the vocabulary of science. So 100 years ago,hormones had just been discovered, and people hoped that hormone treatments were going to cure aging and disease, and now instead we set our hopes on stem cells, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology.
　　古埃及有這種傳說(shuō)，古巴比倫，古印度?？v觀這個(gè)歐洲歷史，在煉金術(shù)師的工作中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它，直到今天我們依舊相信它，只不過(guò)我們使用科學(xué)的語(yǔ)言，來(lái)講這個(gè)故事。所以12020年前，荷爾蒙被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，人們希望荷爾蒙治療，能使我們永葆青春和治愈疾病，現(xiàn)在我們則是希望干細(xì)胞，基因工程，和納米技術(shù)。
　　But the idea that science can cure death is just one more chapter in the story of the magical elixir, a story that is as old as civilization. But betting everything on the idea of finding the elixir and staying alive forever is a risky strategy. When we look back through history at all those who have sought an elixir in the past, the one thing they now have in mon is that theyamp。39。re all dead.
　　但科學(xué)能夠治愈死亡的觀點(diǎn)，只是神奇的靈丹妙藥故事的，又一個(gè)章節(jié)，和古文明一樣古老的故事。但把所有的賭注都?jí)涸趯ふ异`丹妙藥，和長(zhǎng)生不老上面，這樣風(fēng)險(xiǎn)未免太大。當(dāng)我們回顧整個(gè)歷史，所有那些在過(guò)去尋找靈丹妙藥的人，都有個(gè)共通點(diǎn)，是他們都難逃一死。
　　So we need a backup plan, and exactly this kind of plan B is what the second kind of immortality story offers,and thatamp。39。s resurrection. And it stays with the idea that I am this body, I am this physical organism. It accepts that Iamp。39。m going to have to die but says, despite that, I can rise up and I can live again. In other words, I can do what Jesus did. Jesus died, he was three days in the [tomb], and then he rose up and lived again.
　　所以我們需要個(gè)備用方案，精確講叫B方案，也就是第二類永生的故事，那就是復(fù)活。概念是我有這個(gè)身軀，是一個(gè)有機(jī)體。我是會(huì)死去的，但不論這些，我可以再次活過(guò)來(lái)的。換句話說(shuō)，我能和耶穌一樣。耶穌死后，有三天在[墓里]，然后又活過(guò)來(lái)了。
　　And the idea that we can all be resurrected to live again is orthodox believe, not just for Christians but also Jews and Muslims. But our desire to believe this story is so deeply embedded that we are reinventing it again for the scientific age, for example, with the idea of cryonics. Thatamp。39。s the idea that when you die, you can have yourself frozen, and then, at some point when technology has advanced enough, you can be thawed out and repaired and revived and so resurrected.