【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 傻瓜
　　and second of all, that the way to succeed in life is to never make any mistakes.
　　第二 想要在人生中成功 就不要犯錯(cuò)
　　We learn these really bad lessons really well.
　　我們很早就得到這些錯(cuò)誤訊息
　　And a lot of us and I suspect, especially a lot of us in this room deal with them by just being perfect little A students,
　　而我們 尤其是這個(gè)大廳里的許多人 都因此成為好學(xué)生 拿全A
　　perfectionists, overachievers.
　　完美主義、永不滿(mǎn)意
　　Right, Mr. CFO, astrophysicist, ultramarathoner?
　　不是嗎? 財(cái)務(wù)長(zhǎng)、天體物理學(xué)家、超級(jí)馬拉松先生們?
　　(Laughter) Youamp。39。re all CFO, astrophysicists, ultramarathoners, it turns out.
　　(笑聲) 結(jié)果是你們?nèi)闪素?cái)務(wù)長(zhǎng)、天體物理學(xué)家、跑超級(jí)馬拉松
　　Okay, so fine.
　　那很好
　　Except that then we freak out at the possibility that weamp。39。ve gotten something wrong.
　　但一旦我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能犯錯(cuò) 就開(kāi)始手足無(wú)措
　　Because according to this, getting something wrong means thereamp。39。s something wrong with us.
　　因?yàn)橐勒找?guī)定 犯錯(cuò) 代表我們一定也有甚么不對(duì)勁
　　So we just insist that weamp。39。re right, because it makes us feel smart and responsible and virtuous and safe.
　　于是我們堅(jiān)持己見(jiàn) 因?yàn)槟亲屛覀兏杏X(jué)聰明、得體 安全和可靠
　　So let me tell you a story.
　　讓我告訴你們一個(gè)故事
　　A couple of years ago, a woman es into Beth Israel Deaconess medical center for a surgery.
　　幾年前 一個(gè)女人到 Beth Israel Deaconess 診所做手術(shù)
　　Beth Israelamp。39。s in Boston.
　　Beth Israel 在波士頓
　　Itamp。39。s the teaching hospital for Harvard one of the best hospitals in the country.
　　是哈佛大學(xué)的教學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院 全國(guó)數(shù)一數(shù)二的醫(yī)療中心
　　So this woman es in and sheamp。39。s taken into the operating room.
　　這個(gè)女人被送進(jìn)開(kāi)刀房
　　Sheamp。39。s anesthetized, the surgeon does his thing stitches her back up, sends her out to the recovery room.
　　麻醉，外科醫(yī)生做完手術(shù) 縫合，將她送進(jìn)恢復(fù)室
　　Everything seems to have gone fine.
　　一切看上去都很好
　　And she wakes up, and she looks down at herself, and she says, amp。quot。Why is the wrong side of my body in bandages?amp。quot。
　　她醒來(lái)，往自己身上一看 說(shuō)“為甚么我的左腿綁著繃帶?”
　　Well the wrong side of her body is in bandages because the surgeon has performed a major operation on her left leg instead of her right one.
　　她應(yīng)該接受治療的是右腿 但為他做手術(shù)的外科醫(yī)生 卻把刀開(kāi)在左腿
　　When the vice president for health care quality at Beth Israel spoke about this incident, he said something very interesting.
　　當(dāng)副院長(zhǎng)出來(lái)為醫(yī)院的醫(yī)療質(zhì)量 和這次意外做出解釋時(shí) 他說(shuō)了句很有趣的話(huà)
　　He said, amp。quot。For whatever reason, the surgeon simply felt that he was on the correct side of the patient.amp。quot。
　　他說(shuō)“無(wú)論如何 這位外科醫(yī)生感覺(jué) 他開(kāi)下的刀是在正確的一側(cè)”
　　(Laughter) The point of this story is that trusting too much in the feeling of being on the correct side of anything can be very dangerous.
　　(笑聲) 故事的重點(diǎn)是 相信自己的判斷力 相信自己站在對(duì)的一邊 是非常危險(xiǎn)的
　　This internal sense of rightness that we all experience so often is not a reliable guide to what is actually going on in the external world.
　　我們心中時(shí)常感覺(jué)到的 理直氣壯的感覺(jué) 在真實(shí)世界中 并不是個(gè)可靠的向?qū)А?br />　　And when we act like it is, and we stop entertaining the possibility that we could be wrong, well thatamp。39。s when we end up doing things
　　當(dāng)我們依此行事 不再思考我們是否犯錯(cuò) 我們就有可能
　　 dumping 200 million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, or torpedoing the global economy.
　　把兩百灣加侖的石油倒進(jìn)墨西哥灣 或是顛覆世界經(jīng)濟(jì)
　　So this is a huge practical problem.
　　這是個(gè)很實(shí)際的問(wèn)題
　　But itamp。39。s also a huge social problem.
　　這也是個(gè)很大的社會(huì)問(wèn)題
　　Think for a moment about what it means to feel right.
　　“感覺(jué)對(duì)”究竟是什么意思
　　It means that you think that your beliefs just perfectly reflect reality.
　　這代表著你認(rèn)為你的信念 和真實(shí)是一致的
　　And when you feel that way, youamp。39。ve got a problem to solve, which is, how are you going to explain all of those people who disagree with you?
　　當(dāng)你有這種感覺(jué)的時(shí)候 你的問(wèn)題就大了 因?yàn)槿绻闶菍?duì)的 為甚么還有人和你持不同意見(jiàn)?
　　It turns out, most of us explain those people the same way, by resorting to a series of unfortunate assumptions.
　　于是我們往往用同一種 思考方式去解釋這些異議
　　The first thing we usually do when someone disagrees with us is we just assume theyamp。39。re ignorant.
　　第一是當(dāng)他人不同意我們的說(shuō)法 我們便覺(jué)得他們無(wú)知
　　They donamp。39。t have access to the same information that we do, and when we generously share that information with them, theyamp。39。re going to see the light and e on over to our