【正文】 t success；when。【誤】The moon appearing and they continued their way.【正】The moon appearing, they continued their ，他們繼續(xù)趕路。= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to kid feels excited with so many places of interest to ，小孩很激動(dòng)。A． with+名詞代詞+形容詞He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows 。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句If time permits)My health allowing, I will work far into the ，我愿工作到深夜。（= As his mother is to e tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)嗎？ —— many exercisebooks to check, I really can39。有些固定短語(yǔ)是帶to的不定式，表明說(shuō)話(huà)人的立場(chǎng)和態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。（借此結(jié)構(gòu)；表伴隨）The last guest to arrive, our party was ，我們的晚會(huì)開(kāi)始了。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一、概念：“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”是由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語(yǔ)，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)作為邏輯謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。這類(lèi)詞主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me．你幫助我太好了。(注)：①上述感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞與使役動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)．其后的不定式一般需帶to，如： He was seen to e．The boy was made to go to bed early.②在動(dòng)詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep(to)break fence at this season．他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。(結(jié)果)We are glad to hear the news．我們很高興聽(tīng)到這消息。He went out shutting the door behind 。6）不定代詞something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等習(xí)慣上用不定式做定語(yǔ)。t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔給她講過(guò)我的想法。People cannot but feel puzzled，for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．(3)分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)，一種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)常考到的地方。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開(kāi)車(chē)令人厭煩。第一篇：2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案2010高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教案專(zhuān)題八 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)【專(zhuān)題要點(diǎn)】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法如下：、賓語(yǔ)；；； ，且意義不同的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)；、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別；、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別； 、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別；； be 結(jié)構(gòu)的兩種非謂語(yǔ)形式；； 。(經(jīng)驗(yàn))(3）不定式做主語(yǔ)，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，把作主語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)后置。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如excite，interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語(yǔ)意思不是“激動(dòng)”，“高興”，而是“使激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過(guò)去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。(已講過(guò))I regret to have to do this，but I have no choice．我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒(méi)辦法。John will do anything but work on a farm．除了農(nóng)活，約翰什么都愿意干。Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for ，他去找父母幫忙。(原因)（3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)候應(yīng)該注意的：a：not/never too?to, too?not to , but/only too? to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義b：做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見(jiàn)的不定式動(dòng)詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。3)在do nothing／anything／everything but(except)結(jié)構(gòu)中。間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在形式上與主句沒(méi)有關(guān)系，通常稱(chēng)為“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。（名詞＋不定式；表時(shí)間）五、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的異同：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與分詞短語(yǔ)都可以轉(zhuǎn)化成狀語(yǔ)從句。這些短語(yǔ)有：to be honest。t afford any ，有這多的作業(yè)要批，我真的抽不出時(shí)間。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句If my health allows）4． 表示方式的ing形式作“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his ，每個(gè)人胸前都帶著一張卡。= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are stood in the rain, with his clothes ，衣服濕透了。The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to ：在with/without 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，多數(shù)情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。4．表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his ,手里拿著根手杖。when success。（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them ，其中許多是兒童。（without不能省略）九、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中除了能充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)外，還能作定語(yǔ)。With his son so disappointing，the old man felt ,老人感到很不快樂(lè)。（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）C．ed形式“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”與邏輯主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的ing形式一樣，如果ed形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致的話(huà)，就需要用ed形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。t afford any time.）The four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the ，每人翻譯全書(shū)的四分之一。to tell you the truth。例：⑴ If time permit, we’d better have a rest at this weekend.－→Time permitting，we’d better have a rest at this ，本周末我們最好休息一下。眾所周知非限定性從句通常以主句的某一成分作為自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，從而依附于主句。s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the 。但是，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶。6．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu)（1)疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語(yǔ)。Given more attention, the trees could have grown ，它們本來(lái)會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。如： tend to dotendency to do；decide to do = decision to do；be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true．他要買(mǎi)輛車(chē)的愿望實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Let39。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，若人對(duì)??感興趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有興趣時(shí)，就是說(shuō)sb./ ： interesting使人感到高興interested感到高興的 exciting令人激動(dòng)的excited感到激動(dòng)的 delighting令人高興的delighted感到高興的 disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人費(fèi)解的puzzled感到費(fèi)解的 satisfying令人滿(mǎn)意的satisfied感到滿(mǎn)意的 surprising令人驚異的surprised感到驚異的 worrying令人擔(dān)心的worried感到擔(dān)心的Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲勞。To do two things at a time is to do neither．次做兩件事等于未做。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),也是每年高考熱點(diǎn)中的熱點(diǎn), 考綱要求掌握：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)；他們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)句子中的作用；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和含義，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中可以充當(dāng)多種句子成分，比如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等；掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)相同句子成分時(shí)的辨析；掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在不同的語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)義下的運(yùn)用。不定式短語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)表示一件未完成的事或目的。(注)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同，但其所屬結(jié)構(gòu)迥異，進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)完成的。t you remember seeing the man before?你不記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人嗎? You must remember to leave tomorrow．你可要記著是明天動(dòng)身。There is nothing to worry about．沒(méi)有什么值得發(fā)愁的?，F(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)關(guān)系的區(qū)別。(條件)His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。如： Let him do 。s working late．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。有些非謂語(yǔ)形式已成為固定用語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)說(shuō)話(huà)內(nèi)容所特的態(tài)度。表狀態(tài)）Class over, we began to play ，我們開(kāi)始玩籃球。例：⑴ Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to ，這個(gè)規(guī)則很容易懂。1．動(dòng)詞不定式用主動(dòng)的形式在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。= As it is National Day today, the streets are very being no further business to discuss, we all went ，我們都回家了。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行）The food cooked, the boy went to ，小孩去睡了。= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it anyone noticing, he slipped through the ，從窗口溜走了。（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）提示：表示時(shí)間、原因、條件的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般放在句首，并且不能保留連詞。I can find you ______bed in my ,a,/ ,the,/ you buy more than ten, they will knock 20 pence price price division between English –speaking Canadians and Frenchspeaking C