【正文】 20 time appear, and the application in food industry. Escrow to board made of heat exchanger, and has the advantages of pact structure, good heat transfer effect, thus gradually developed into a variety of forms. At the beginning of 30 time, the first Swedish made of spiral plate heat exchanger. Then the brazing method creates a posed of copper and its alloy material of plate fin heat exchanger, used in aircraft engine cooling. At the end of the 3039。 a plurality of tie rod bolt, used to intensify the frame plate and the pressure plate。除順流和逆流這兩種流向外，還有錯(cuò)流和折流等流向。 混合式換熱器是通過(guò)冷、熱流體的直接接觸、混合進(jìn)行熱量交換的換熱器，又稱(chēng)接觸式換熱器。該裝置傳熱效率高，節(jié)能效果顯著，用以預(yù)熱助燃空氣或加熱某些過(guò)程的工藝氣體，可節(jié)約一次能源，燃料節(jié)約率可達(dá) 30 %－ 55%，并可強(qiáng)化工藝過(guò)程，顯著提高生產(chǎn)能力。但是，在以調(diào)節(jié)濕度為主要目的的紡織廠、卷煙廠等仍大量使用 ! (3)噴射式熱交換器 在這種設(shè)備中，使壓力較高的流體由噴管?chē)姵?，形成很高的速度，低壓流體被引入混合室與射流直接接觸進(jìn)行傳熱，并一同進(jìn)入擴(kuò)散管，在擴(kuò)散管的出口達(dá)到同一壓力和溫度后送給用戶。這種不對(duì)稱(chēng)設(shè)計(jì)，決定其在汽 水換熱領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用。套管換熱器結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單 ,能承受高壓 ,應(yīng)用亦方便 (可根據(jù)需要增減管段數(shù)目 ). 特別是由于套管換熱器同時(shí)具備傳熱系數(shù)大 ,傳熱推動(dòng)力大及能夠承受高壓強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ,在 超高壓 生產(chǎn)過(guò)程 (例如操作壓力為 3000 大氣壓的高壓聚乙烯生產(chǎn)過(guò)程 )中所用的換熱器幾乎全部是套管式。當(dāng)殼體和管束熱膨脹不同時(shí)，補(bǔ)償圈發(fā)生緩慢的彈性變形來(lái)補(bǔ)償因溫差應(yīng)力引起的熱膨脹。當(dāng)兩流體的溫度差較大時(shí)，為了避免較高的溫差應(yīng)力，通常在殼程的適當(dāng)位置上，增加一個(gè)補(bǔ)償圈（膨脹節(jié)）。 套管式換熱器 套管式換熱器是由直徑不同的直管制成的 同心 套管 ,并由 U 形彎頭連接而成 .在這種換熱器中 ,一種流體走管內(nèi) ,另一種流體走環(huán)隙 ,兩者皆可得到較高的流速 ,故傳熱系數(shù)較大 .另外 ,在套管換熱器中 ,兩種流體可為純逆流 ,對(duì)數(shù)平均推動(dòng)力較大。內(nèi)部殼層和管層的不對(duì)稱(chēng)設(shè)計(jì)，最大可以達(dá)到 。但是，它也有對(duì)水質(zhì)要求高、占地面積大、 水泵 耗能多等缺點(diǎn)：所以，目 前在一般建筑中，噴淋室已不常使用或僅作為加濕設(shè)備使用。在結(jié)構(gòu)上成功地解決了熱補(bǔ)償和較好地解決了氣體密封問(wèn)題。 換熱器按傳熱方式的不同可分為混合式、蓄熱式和間壁式三類(lèi)。 當(dāng)冷、熱流體兩者或其中一種有物相變化 (沸騰或冷凝 )時(shí)，由于相變時(shí)只放出或吸收汽化潛熱 ，流體本身的溫度并無(wú)變化，因此流體的進(jìn)出口溫度相等，這時(shí)兩流體的溫差就與流體的流向選擇無(wú)關(guān)了。 In 3, the mechanical design of fixed tube sheet heat exchanger Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger design except for the most critical heat exchanger plate outside, still have two sides, we called the frame plate and the pressure plate frame plate, lateral not movable wall plate, pressure plate heat exchanger plate on the other side of the tie rod bolt to adjust the position of the wall panels can be used。s, Sweden also built the first plate shell type heat exchanger, used for pulp factory. During this period, in order to solve the strong corrosive medium heat transfer problem, the new material made of heat exchanger began to pay attention to. Plate type heat exchanger 60 time around, because the rapid development of space technology and cuttingedge science, urgent need of various energy efficient pact heat exchanger, plus the stamping, soldering and sealing technology development, heat exchanger manufacturing technology has been further improved, so as to promote pact plate type heat exchanger and the vigorous development of broad application. In addition, since the beginning of 6039。 The heat transfer area ratio, heat exchangers 20% ~ 30%. In 3, the disadvantage is the fixed tube sheet heat exchanger: First, shell and tube wall temperature difference, shell and tube wall temperature is t = 50 C, when t = 50 DEG C must be in the shell body setting expansion joint。逆流時(shí)，沿傳熱表面兩流體的溫差分布較均勻。在此期間，為了解決強(qiáng)腐蝕性介質(zhì)的換熱問(wèn)題，人們對(duì)新型材料制成的換熱器開(kāi)始注意。也用于化學(xué)工業(yè)，如煤氣爐中的空氣預(yù)熱器或 燃燒室 ，人造石油廠中的蓄熱式裂化爐。 (2)氣體 洗滌塔 (或稱(chēng)洗滌塔 ) 在工業(yè)上用這種設(shè)備來(lái)洗滌氣體有各種目的，例如用液體吸收氣體混合物中的某些組分，除凈氣體中的灰塵，氣體的增濕或干燥等。管子的型號(hào)不一，過(guò)程一般為直徑 16mm 20mm 或者25mm 三個(gè)型號(hào)，管壁厚度一般為 1mm， ， 2mm 以及 。但其加熱面受容器壁面限制 ,傳熱系數(shù)也不高 .為提高傳熱系數(shù)且使釜內(nèi)液體受熱均勻 ,可在釜內(nèi)安裝攪拌器 .當(dāng)夾套中通入冷卻水或無(wú)相變的加熱劑時(shí) ,亦可在夾套中設(shè)置螺旋隔板或其它增加湍動(dòng)的措施 ,以提高夾套一側(cè)的給熱系數(shù) .為補(bǔ)充傳熱面的不足 ,也可在釜內(nèi)部安裝蛇管 . 夾套式換熱器廣泛用于反應(yīng)過(guò)程的加熱和冷卻。 固定管板式換熱器是一種實(shí)現(xiàn)物料之間熱量傳遞的節(jié)能設(shè) 備，是在 石油 、 化工 、 石油化工 、冶金、電力、輕工、食品等行業(yè)普遍應(yīng)用的一種工藝設(shè)備。 固定管板式換熱器的特點(diǎn) 固定管板式換熱器結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，制造成本低，管程清洗方便，管程可以分成多程，殼程也可以分成雙程，規(guī)格范圍廣，故在工程上 廣泛應(yīng)用。 為提高管外流體給熱系數(shù) ,通常在殼體內(nèi)安裝一定數(shù)量的橫向折流檔板?，F(xiàn)在國(guó)產(chǎn)品牌較少，價(jià)格昂貴，一般在 10 萬(wàn)元以上，進(jìn)口可以到幾十萬(wàn)。一般用耐火磚等砌成火格子（有時(shí)用金屬波形帶等）。它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：導(dǎo)熱性能好，高溫強(qiáng)度高，抗氧化、抗熱震性能好。這類(lèi)換熱器主要用于回收和利用高溫廢氣的熱量。但增加流體流速會(huì)使能量消耗增加，故設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)在減小熱阻和降低能耗之間作合理的協(xié)調(diào)。 however, the heating surface by the container wall, heat transfer coefficient is not high. In order to improve the heat transfer coefficient and the kettle liquid is heated evenly, the kettle stirrer. When the jacket cooling water is injected into or no phase change heating agent, also in the clamping sleeve arranged helical baffles or other additional turbulent measures, in order to improve the jacket side heat transfer coefficient heat transfer surface. As a plement deficiency, also can be in the interior of the autoclave fitted snake tube. A clamping sleeve type heat exchanger used in the reaction process of heating and cooling. Submerged coil heat exchanger in this heat exchanger is the metal pipe winding into various and container which is adapted to the shape, and immersed in a liquid contained within the container. The snake tube heat exchanger has the advantages of simple structure, can bear high pressure, corrosionresistant materials available。s version of the GMP launched, plate will gradually withdraw from the food, beverage, pharmaceutical and other highlevel health industry. Shell and tube type heat exchanger tube shell type heat exchanger ( also known as the tube ) is a shell and tube heat exchanger mainly prises a shell, pipe, tube plate and the head and other parts, shell were round, with internal parallel bundles or spiral pipe, both ends of the pipe bundle, fixed on the tube plat