【正文】 N 30 lots, rather than the usual UCL (upper control limit) and LCL (lower control limit), there are dual sets of control limits: ? Outer Control Limits(3s). ? Inner Control Limits (1s). Lot N um be rU C L ( o u t e r )U C L ( i n n e r )L C L ( i n n e r )L C L ( o u t e r )C e n t e r l i n eProcessPerformance“ U n c e rt a i nt y Zo ne s ” U s u a l C ont ro l L i m i t s71 Lot Nu mb erU C L (o u te r )U C L (i n n e r )L C L (i n n e r )L C L (o u te r )C e n te r l i n eProcessPerformanceLot Nu mb erU C L (o u te r )U C L (i n n e r )L C L (i n n e r )L C L (o u te r )C e n te r l i n eProcessPerformanceLot Nu mb erU C L (o u te r )U C L (i n n e r )L C L (i n n e r )L C L (o u te r )C e n te r l i n eProcessPerformance短期 N 30 Any point outside either of the outer control limits indicates an unstable process. All points falling between both inner control limits indicates a stable process. If any points fall inside either “uncertainty zone” (but none are outside the outer control limits), we cannot say whether or not the process is stable, because we do not yet have enough lots to be sure at this time. 72 Lot Nu mb erU C L (o u te r )U C L (i n n e r )L C L (i n n e r )L C L (o u te r )C e n te r l i n eProcessPerformanceLot Nu mb erU C L (o u te r )U C L (i n n e r )L C L (i n n e r )L C L (o u te r )C e n te r l i n eProcessPerformanceLot Nu mb erUCLL C LC e n te r l i n eProcessPerformanceWith few lots, the control chart has wide uncertainty zones. It is possible to determine process stability, but in most cases more lots will be required. With more lots, the control chart has narrow uncertainty zones. It is easier to determine process stability, but it is still possible that more lots will be required. Once there are N ? 30 lots, the usual control limits are used (., there are no uncertainty zones). There is full ability to determine process stability. 73 控制圖 代表的含義 A single point on the chart is outside either control limit. This test detects very large, sudden shifts in the process mean or standard deviation. 9 or more consecutive points are on the same side of the centerline. This test detects small shifts or trends in the process mean or standard deviation. 6 (or more) consecutive points are increasing (or decreasing) steadily, without a change in direction. This test detects strong trends in the process mean or standard deviation 74 14 (or more) consecutive points are alternating up and down. This test detects systematic effects, such as alternating machines, operators, suppliers, etc. 4 (or 5) out of 5 consecutive points on the chart are more than 1 standard deviation away from the centerline, on the same side. This test detects moderatesized changes in the process mean or standard deviation. 2 (or 3) out of 3 consecutive points on the chart are more than 2 standard deviations away from the centerline, on the same side. This test detects large changes in the process mean or standard deviation. 75 15 (or more) consecutive points are all within 1 standard deviation of the centerline. This test detects a decrease in process variation. 8 (or more) consecutive points are on both sides of the centerline, but none are within 1 standard deviation of it. This test detects an increase in process variation. ~ End ~ 76 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAITH 。該工具可用於任何領(lǐng)域：製造業(yè)、商業(yè)，銷售業(yè)等等 … SPC是統(tǒng)計程式控制 （ Statistical Process Control） 的縮寫。 紅線 (在螢?zāi)簧峡梢钥吹?) 表示累積百分比，而直方圖表示每類缺陷的頻率 (占總量的百分比 ) 。 即使在資料不完全符合常態(tài)分配時 ， 分析結(jié)果也很接近 。 38 5 1 .3 5 0 . 8 5 0 . 3 4 9 . 8 4 9 . 3 4 8 . 8 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 直方圖分佈 還是這些資料，現(xiàn)在設(shè)想將其分組後歸入“區(qū)間”。 例 :每日生產(chǎn)參數(shù)設(shè)定漂移 。當控制圖表出現(xiàn)非隨機型式信號時，我們就可以知道特殊原因引起的變動改變了過程。 控制圖表是在統(tǒng)計上從時間上跟蹤過程和産品參數(shù)的方法。然而，晚班和周末班出現(xiàn)的缺陷樣式是不同的。 X X X X s + = + = = = = 總總 總 6s原則 變異數(shù)可相加 , 標準差則不能相加 輸入變數(shù)變異數(shù)相加計算輸出中的總變異數(shù) 所以 那麼 引起的變異數(shù)輸入變數(shù) 引起的變異數(shù)輸入變數(shù) 過程輸出的變異數(shù) 如果 s s s s s s s s 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lot sWithin is small sLot is large process has small withinlot variation and large lottolot variation (which is very mon), data values from the same lot will be highly correlated, while data from different lots will be independent: 35 實用品質(zhì)統(tǒng)計工具 直方圖 (Histograms) 柏拉圖 (Pareto Diagrams) 散佈圖 (Scatterplots) 趨勢圖 (Trend Charts) 36 品質(zhì)統(tǒng)計圖表 直方圖 (Histograms) Histograms provide a visual description of the distribution of a set of data. A histogram should be used in conjunction with summary statistics such as and s. A histogram can be used to: ? Display the distribution of the data(現(xiàn)示數(shù)據(jù)的分佈 ). ? Provide a graphical indication of the center, spread, and shape of the data distribution (較定性地顯示數(shù)據(jù)的均值 ,散佈及形狀 ). ? Clarify any numerical summary statistics (which sometimes obscure information). (顯示較模糊的統(tǒng)計結(jié)果 ). ? Look f