【正文】 nity of human labor”, meaning by that, hard, physical labor. In America, even corporation presidents will engage in physical labor from time to time and gain, rather than lose, respect from others for such action. 22. 美國可能是世界上僅有的幾個人們認為體力勞動光榮的國家。 The burden of adjustment, in all cases while you are in this country, will be on you. There is no way to soften the blow of such directness and openness if you are not used to it except to tell you that the rules have changed while you are here. 不管怎樣，一旦你來到美國，學會入鄉(xiāng)隨俗是你必備功課。他們一定會就事論事，因事而異。作為對無依無靠的母親和妹妹們的最后無可挽救的補償 ,她屈服了 ,以平靜地聽天由命的心情 ,走上了不可避免的道路。宿命論的；相信宿命論的 補充： fatalism宿命主義； fatalist宿命論者 。這種對“實用性”的熱愛也導致了美國人偏愛某些職業(yè)勝于其他職業(yè)。 27. If you are a highly placed official in your own country, you will probably, at first, find such informality to be very unsettling. American, on the other hand, would consider such informality as a pliment! Certainly it is not intended as an insult and should not be taken as such. 直接、率真、誠實 ? 28. 很多美國以外的國家都積累了委婉的、有時是高度程式化的語言來傳達不好的消息，可美國人永遠最愛最直接的方式。他們一心撲在工作上，一旦離開工作，就會感到身心受挫。 ? Individualism and Privacy 15. Americans think they are more individualist in their thoughts and actions than, in fact, they are. They resist being thought of as representatives of a homogenous group, whatever the group. 15. 美國人認為自己在思想和行動上都是高度個人主義的。 11. The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late — even by 10 minutes — for an appointment in the United States. (Whenever it is absolutely impossible to be on time, you should phone ahead and tell the person you have been unavoidably detained and will be a half hour — or whatever — late.) 11. 外國人很快就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，在美國與人約會，即使遲到十分鐘就會被認為是很不禮貌的行為。他們沒有意識到許多第三世界國家的人們可能認為其中一些價值觀是消極或者可怕的。 Translation ?Organization of the Text Text A The Values Americans Live By l Comprehension II Word Study III Cloze V Writing IV Translation ? Dr. L Robert Kohls, Director of International Programs at San Francisco State University, is a renowned literary contributor to the research on cultural patterns. He has developed a list of 13 (8 are listed in Text A) monly held values which help explain to firsttime visitors to the United States why Americans act as they do. He is careful, and cautions to avoid labeling these values positive or negative. Whether one agrees with Kohls or not — or is willing to accept as valid any generalizations about Americans — his observations are thought provoking. 1. Information about the author : ? In recent decades, a new form of identification has emerged which breaks down the understanding of the individual as a coherent whole subject into a collection of various cultural identifiers. These cultural identifiers may be the result of various conditions including: locality, gender, race, history, nationality, language, sexuality, religion, ethnicity, aesthetics, and even food. Therefore, cultural identity refers to a feeling of belonging to a group. It is part of a person39。在美國語境下，“宿命論者”是對一個人最糟糕的評價之一；對美國人來說，這一評價意味著這個人迷信、懶惰且不思進取。 In secular terms this belief is translated into the assertion that all people have an equal opportunity to succeed in life. Americans differ in opinion about how to make this ideal into a reality. Yet virtually all agree that equality is an important civic and social goal. 通俗地說，這種信仰被解釋為一種信念，即每個人都有平等獲得成功的機會。在許多語言中甚至不存在“隱私”這個字眼。即使是公司老總也會時不時參加體力勞動，而且在這種情況下，會得到別人的尊重而不是鄙視。如果你不習慣，對不起，沒有辦法緩和這種直接和率真的風氣，只能說，你來到這里，習慣已經(jīng)改了。 ? derogatory [d??r?g?t?r?]adj. showing a hostile or critical attitude(to one?s reputation, etc) 貶損的 , 損毀的，誹謗的 ? insulting and disapproving 侮辱的；不贊許的 ? 補充： derogate [39。 gave a fatalistic shrug無可奈何地聳聳肩 a fatalistic philosophy宿命論哲學 a fatalistic people相信宿命論的民族 a fatalistic person/approach to life 聽天由命的人 /生活態(tài)度 ? initiative[??n???t?v] n. ability to make decisions or take action without waiting for someone to tell you what to do 。 showing a belief in fate。 This pragmatic orientation has caused Americans to contribute more inventions to the world than any other country in human history. The love of “practicality” has also caused Americans to view some professions more favorably than others. 這種務實傾向使得美國人在發(fā)明創(chuàng)新上勝過其他世界各國。當然這種不拘小節(jié)絕非有意冒犯。 Americans believe leisure activities should consume a relatively small portion of one?s total life. People think that it is “sinful” to “waste one?s time,” “to sit around doing nothing,” or just to “daydream.” ? 19. Such a “no nonsense” attitude toward life has created many people who have e to be known as “workaholics” or people who are addicted to their work, who think constantly about their jobs and who are frustrated if they are kept away from them, even during their evening hours and weekends. 19. 這樣一個“不做無意義的事”的人生態(tài)度造就了一大批被稱作“工作狂”的人 —他們沉醉于，甚至常常全身心投入到他們的工作或職業(yè)當中。在美國的外國人要做好被當做“普通人” 看待的心理準備。時間可以遵守、填補、節(jié)省、利用、度過，浪費 、失去、贏得、計劃、給予，充分利用，甚至可以消磨。 5. Before proceeding to the list itself, we should also point out that Americans see all of these values as very positive ones. They are not aware, for example, that the people in many Third World countries view some of these values as negative or threatening. 5. 在探討這個清單之前 , 有必要指出美國人認為這些價值觀是充滿正能量的。s selfconception and selfperception and is related to these cultural identifiers or any kind of social group that has its own distinct culture. In this way, cultural identity is both characteristic of the individual but also of the culturally identical group of members sharing the same cultural identity. Cultural identity can also be e