【正文】 任者. 原文獻題名[C]. 出版地：出版社，出版年. 析出文獻起止頁碼.)（九）其他高校外語專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會 (GXWYZY). 高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱[Z]. 北京: 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社/上海外語教育出版社，2000. 中國社會科學(xué)院語言研究所詞典編輯室(ZGSHKX). 現(xiàn)代漢語詞典（修訂本）[Z]. 北京：商務(wù)印書館，1996. （十）電子文獻王明亮(Wang Mingliang). 關(guān)于中國學(xué)術(shù)期刊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)工程的進展[EB/OL]. , 19980816/19981004.(說明：主要責(zé)任者. 電子文獻名[電子文獻及載體類型標(biāo)識]. 電子文獻的出處或可獲得地址，發(fā)表或更新日期，引用日期。文化素質(zhì)“Dubious Venture.” Time 3 Jan. 1994: 6465.Fiedler, Leslie A. The Stranger in Shakespeare. New York: Stein and Day, 1972.Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. China Commercial Press, 2001.，在參考文獻中，作家的姓名用三個連字符 “”來代替，加“.”結(jié)束。文內(nèi)注在標(biāo)點符號后面。摘要……………………………………………………………………………….......ivACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………….……..vCONTENTS………………………………………………………………….…….....viI. 第一個層次使用大寫羅馬數(shù)字表示，后面用句點結(jié)尾。最后，該報告總結(jié)了此次翻譯實踐的意義和局限。兩倍行間距，使用陳述句，避免疑問句。順序要按文獻作者姓氏的漢語拼音字母排列，不加序號。4. 英文目錄：論文題目居中。3． 頁邊距：，右2厘米。4． 頁腳插入頁碼，居中。論文要使用短語目錄格式（Phrase Outline）, 格式參見論文英語目錄樣本。8． 正文內(nèi)引注格式說明：(1) 當(dāng)英語或漢語的引文超過四行（包括四行）時，不可再在文中使用引號引文。行文采用第三人稱，避免第一人稱出現(xiàn)，保持論文內(nèi)容的客觀性。實踐報告主體內(nèi)容梗概。Task description此部分可不進行二級目錄分解。B. Process of translation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………..C. Issues after translationThe main issue after translation is quality control consisting of proofreading by myself and others.…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………… III. Case analysis The difficulties and problems encountered during the translation are various but can mainly be summarized as two groups: translation of rhetorical devices and translation of cultureloaded words. A. Translation of rhetorical devicesRhetoric, also called figure of speech, is “a method to improve the effect of language using by modifying and adjusting the sentences as well as adopting specific forms of expression” (Hornby 1712). There are various rhetorical devices, such as simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, parallelism, euphemism, allegory, irony and paradox, among which the most frequently used ones in “Stories of Five Cities” are personification, allusion, simile, repetition, contrast and parallelism. …………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………1. 三級標(biāo)題用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加點表示，如：“1.”Literal translation…………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………………Example 1: Source text: 但是，淤泥下的一切屬于記憶，記憶像銀灰色的夢用于舉例的原文中需要進行分析的部分應(yīng)用下劃線標(biāo)識。 Romeo and Juliet. China Commercial Press, 2001.Zaslavsky, Robert. “Which is the Merchant here? And which the Jew? Keeping the Book and Keeping the Books in The Merchant of Venice.”期刊文章名加引號。創(chuàng)新能力——我們對《高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱》精神的理解與執(zhí)行[J]. 化工高等教育, 2003(2).1719. 姚乃強(Yao Naiqiang). 提高文化素養(yǎng) 培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新能力——談新《大綱》三、四、五、六部分[J]. 外語界, 2001(1).朱長河(Zhu Changhe). 《高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱》評述[J]. 川北教育學(xué)院學(xué)報, 2002(2).十三、網(wǎng)上參考文獻格式說明Citing Electronic PublicationsCitations of electronic sources and those of print sources should acplish the same ends and have analogous formats. Both types of citations identify a source and give sufficient information to allow a reader to locate it. Yet each type requires a different kind and amount of information to fulfill these objectives. Print culture has developed standard reference tools (library catalogs, bibliographies, and so on) for locating published works. Electronic media, in contrast, so far lack agreedon means of organizing works. Moreover, electronic texts are not as fixed and stable as their print counterparts. References to electronic works therefore must provide more information than print citations generally offer. 1. An Online Scholarly Project, Information Database, or Professional or Personal Sitea. A Complete Scholarly Project or Information Database The typical entry for a plete online scholarly project or information database consists of the following items: Title of the project or database (underlined)； Name of the editor of the project or database (if given)； Electronic publication information, including version number (if relevant and if not part of the title), data of electronic publication or of the latest update, and name of any sponsoring institution or organization； Date of access and network address.If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available. Format: Britannica Online. Vers. 98. 2. Apr. 1998. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 8 May 1998 .b. A Document within a Scholarly Project or Information Database To cite an article, a poem, a short story, or a similar short work or document within a project or database, begin the citation with the author’s name and, in quotation marks, the title of the work. If no author’s name, begin the citation with the title of the material, in quotation marks. Continue with the relevant information for the project or database, the date of access, and the URL (uniform resource locator or its network address)。) 十五、MLA論文寫作規(guī)范簡略說明In 1984, the Modern Language Association (MLA) introduced a new style of documenting sources in research papers. This pamphlet explains the features of MLA style, according to 1988 MLA guidelines, and analyzes some of their implications for your research and posing. There are three major features of MLA style. First, all sources cited in a paper are listed in a section entitled Works Cited located at the end of the paper. Second, material borrowed from another source is documented within the text by a brief parenthetical reference that directs readers to the full citation in the list of works cited. Third, footnotes or endnotes are used to present two types of supplementary information: (1) mentary or explanation that the text cannot acmodate and (2) bibliographical notes containing several source citations.1. Preparing the List of Works Cited In MLA style, the list of works cited is the only place where readers will be able to locate plete information about the sources you have cited in your research paper. For that reason, your list must be t