【正文】 工藝。國(guó)內(nèi)近年來(lái)以煤為原料生產(chǎn)甲醇的比例在逐步上升, 這與中國(guó)的能源結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)。精制過(guò)程包括精餾與化學(xué)處理。80年代,齊魯石化公司第二化肥廠引進(jìn)了聯(lián)邦德國(guó)Lurge公司的低壓甲醇合成裝置。操作溫度的控制同樣是一個(gè)操作費(fèi)用的控制問(wèn)題，在設(shè)計(jì)中，需要延長(zhǎng)催化劑的使用壽命，防止催化劑的迅速老化和活性衰減速度加快。二氧化碳的存在可以降低反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)的熱效應(yīng)，這對(duì)維持床層溫度也是有利的。b)選擇性高,大于99%,其雜質(zhì)只有微量的甲烷、二甲醚、甲酸甲酯,易得到高純度的精甲醇。塔頂設(shè)置兩級(jí)冷凝器，預(yù)餾塔一級(jí)冷凝器將出塔器中大部分甲醇冷凝下來(lái)，進(jìn)入精餾塔。 全段工藝的物料衡算流程圖如下圖圖31 總流程圖（1）甲醇反應(yīng)器 圖32 甲醇反應(yīng)器物料流股圖項(xiàng)目進(jìn)料出料Temperature C230260Pressure barVapor Frac11Mole Flow kmol/hrMass Flow kg/hrVolume Flow cum/hrEnthalpy Gcal/hrMass Flow kg/hrCOCO2H2N2CH4CH3OH0H2O0CH3OCH30CH3CH2OH0C2H4O20Mass FracCOCO2H2N2CH4CH3OH0H2O0CH3OCH300CH3CH2OH00C2H4O200Mole Flow kmol/hrCOCO2H2N2CH4CH3OH0H2O0CH3OCH30CH3CH2OH0C2H4O20Mole FracCOCO2H2N2CH4CH3OH0H2O0CH3OCH300CH3CH2OH00C2H4O200表31 甲醇反應(yīng)器物料流股衡算表分離器的物料衡算圖33 分離器物料流股圖項(xiàng)目進(jìn)料塔頂出料塔底出料Temperature C 404040Pressure bar Vapor Frac 1Mole Flow kmol/hr Mass Flow kg/hr Volume Flow cum/hr Enthalpy Gcal/hr Mass Flow kg/hr CO CO2 H2 N2 CH4 CH3OH 0 H2O 0 CH3OCH3 0 CH3CH2OH 0 C2H4O2 0Mass Frac CO CO2 H2 N2 CH4 CH3OH 0 H2O 0 CH3OCH3 00 CH3CH2OH 00 C2H4O2 00Mole Flow kmol/hr CO CO2 H2 N2 CH4 CH3OH 0 H2O 0 CH3OCH3 0 CH3CH2OH 0 C2H4O2 0Mole Frac CO CO2 H2 N2 CH4 CH3OH 0 H2O 0 CH3OCH3 00 CH3CH2OH 00 C2H4O2 00表32 分離器物料流股衡算表第一精餾塔的物料衡算圖34 第一精餾塔物料流股圖項(xiàng)目進(jìn)料塔頂出料塔底出料Temperature C 65Pressure bar 1023Vapor Frac 010Mole Flow kmol/hr Mass Flow kg/hr Volume Flow cum/hr Enthalpy Gcal/hr Mass Flow kg/hr CO 0 CO2 0 H2 0 N2 0 CH4 0 CH3OH H2O CH3OCH3 0 CH3CH2OH C2H4O2 Mass Frac CO 00 CO2 0 H2 00 N2 0 CH4 00 CH3OH H2O 0 CH3OCH3 0 CH3CH2OH 0 C2H4O2 0Mole Flow kmol/hr CO 0 CO2 0 H2 0 N2 0 CH4 0 CH3OH H2O 0 CH3OCH3 0 CH3CH2OH 0 C2H4O2 Mole Frac CO 00 CO2 0 H2 0 N2 0 CH4 0 CH3OH H2O 0 CH3OCH3 00 CH3CH2OH 0 C2H4O2 0表33 第一精餾塔物料流股衡算表（4）第二精餾塔的物料衡算圖35 第二精餾塔物料流股圖項(xiàng)目進(jìn)料塔頂出料塔底出料Temperature C 78Pressure bar 3Vapor Frac 000Mole Flow kmol/hr Mass Flow kg/hr Volume Flow cum/hr Enthalpy Gcal/hr Mass Flow kg/hr CO 000 CO2 000 H2 000 N2 000 CH4 000 CH3OH H2O CH3OCH3 000 CH3CH2OH C2H4O2 0Mass Frac CO 000 CO2 000 H2 000 N2 000 CH4 000 CH3OH 1 H2O 0 CH3OCH3 000 CH3CH2OH 0 C2H4O2 000Mole Flow kmol/hr CO 000 CO2 000 H2