【正文】 ―卸荷閥恒壓能源最適合本系統(tǒng)。這些特點(diǎn)決定了振動(dòng)臺(tái)配套油源的開發(fā)特點(diǎn)。此時(shí)系統(tǒng)的壓力－流量公式可以簡化為式（）：已知伺服閥在25Mpa供油壓力下無載流量為978L/min，（普通系統(tǒng)壓力多為7Mpa、21Mpa、35Mpa，故元件的性能多給出的是在上述壓力下的性能參數(shù)，此處需要將25Mp供油壓力下的無載流量進(jìn)行“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化”）。當(dāng)該電磁泄荷溢流閥15失電時(shí)，將蓄能器中的高壓液油直壓接注入油箱，避免蓄能器組中的高壓油直接沖擊回油管路中冷卻器和回油濾油器，防止事故的發(fā)生。為了解決流量變化過大的問題，系統(tǒng)中安裝大、小流量電液伺服閥各一臺(tái)，大流量電液伺服閥完成動(dòng)態(tài)、高速、大流量試驗(yàn)，小流量電液伺服閥完成靜態(tài)、低速、小流量試驗(yàn)。阻尼器釋放速度試驗(yàn)在額定載荷作用下，阻尼器的控制閥處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)后，檢測其活塞移動(dòng)速度。② 結(jié)合設(shè)計(jì)要求計(jì)算出系統(tǒng)中的重要的參數(shù)，例如流量、壓力、液壓缸的橫截面積等等。（2）計(jì)算機(jī)在液壓伺服系統(tǒng)中的普遍應(yīng)用[6]計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用已深入到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，無疑也將在液壓伺服技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中發(fā)揮巨大的作用。但是單純的采用電磁元件已很困難、甚至不能滿足要求，而液壓系統(tǒng)具有的一些特點(diǎn)，正好適合于這種場合，從而促使人們更深入地研究液壓技術(shù)。直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力裝置更加懸殊。因此具有直接承載能力強(qiáng)、推力大、結(jié)實(shí)耐用等特點(diǎn)的液壓振動(dòng)臺(tái)便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，并優(yōu)先在國防工業(yè)，特別是航空航天工業(yè)領(lǐng)域中得到應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。關(guān)鍵詞：液壓阻尼器 電液伺服 系統(tǒng)控制 激振器 The design of hadraulic damper test rigAbstractThe subject of hydraulic dampers for the test requirements, refer to the previous design, as well as experience in hydraulic system design, design to meet the requirements of a system of electrohydraulic vibration test rig. In this paper, the use of existing hydraulic knowledge to carry out the overall system development, analysis, and the design of its mechanical structure, so that the design of the hydraulic vibration damper test rig can be related to the successful pletion of the work test. A scheme of hydraulic damper testbed’s overall structure design is raised, and it plete the testbed’s hydraulic system of the mechanical structure design. Hydraulic damper according to the detection and test requirements, design a dynamic and static test of two dualloop servovalve hydraulic control structures, and the use of accumulator to provide an instant group of highvolume output of the overall solution.The hydraulic damper test system can be applied to travel less than 300 mm, 100 tons of various specifications of the hydraulic damper testing, hydraulic damper for the development, production provides the necessary test and inspection equipment. Key words: hadraulic damper。而安置在結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)上的“特殊”構(gòu)件，提供運(yùn)動(dòng)的阻力，耗減運(yùn)動(dòng)能量的裝置，便是阻尼器。加一方面由于飛機(jī)飛行速度的提高以及發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)生產(chǎn)工藝的改進(jìn)，來自發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子動(dòng)不平衡所誘發(fā)的振動(dòng)強(qiáng)度逐漸減弱，而氣流干擾和聲壓變化所誘發(fā)的振動(dòng)則越來越重，這種振動(dòng)環(huán)境常常表現(xiàn)為非周期的隨機(jī)振動(dòng)，因而也要求液壓振動(dòng)臺(tái)能實(shí)現(xiàn)隨機(jī)振動(dòng)控制，國內(nèi)外同行均為此而進(jìn)行了大量的研究開發(fā)工作，并成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了液壓振動(dòng)臺(tái)的隨機(jī)振動(dòng)控制，如中國航空工業(yè)總公司303研究所研制的YZT—10c型液壓振動(dòng)臺(tái)，其上限工作頻率達(dá)到20～1000Hz，在頻率范圍內(nèi)的寬帶隨機(jī)振動(dòng)控制精度己經(jīng)達(dá)到177。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)也是許多場合下采用液壓系統(tǒng)，而不采用其他系統(tǒng)的重要原因。在這個(gè)背景下，60年代開始發(fā)展一種廉價(jià)液壓伺服技術(shù)——電液比例控制。這是一種十分有效的設(shè)計(jì)和研究方法，它不僅可以對(duì)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)和各種因素對(duì)系統(tǒng)的影響進(jìn)行定量的研究，而且可以進(jìn)行元件和系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。完成試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì)。(1)提出設(shè)計(jì)方案根據(jù)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)要求擬定試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)方案有：一、采用機(jī)械設(shè)備，機(jī)械設(shè)備具有性價(jià)比高的特點(diǎn)。② 靜態(tài)、小流量試驗(yàn)時(shí)油路分析：一臺(tái)柱塞泵打開，壓力油經(jīng)單向閥19進(jìn)入主油路。5高頻持續(xù)時(shí)間t2s(1)選取供油壓力Ps從本系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)出發(fā)來說，由于負(fù)載數(shù)值較大，不能按常規(guī)計(jì)算，故取系統(tǒng)供油壓力。用一個(gè)噴擋結(jié)構(gòu)的二級(jí)伺服閥作為先導(dǎo)級(jí)，驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)帶位移電反饋的大流量功率級(jí)伺服閥（壓力25MPa，額定流量506L/min）進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)控制，大流量伺服閥需要進(jìn)口。若因過濾器的布置不當(dāng)，使液壓介質(zhì)達(dá)不到伺服閥對(duì)介質(zhì)的使用清潔度要求，振動(dòng)臺(tái)輕則振動(dòng)波形失真，重則使振動(dòng)臺(tái)系統(tǒng)自激失控，甚至使振動(dòng)臺(tái)根本無法閉環(huán)，不能正常工作。最終實(shí)際方案：采用3個(gè)手動(dòng)變量柱塞泵和八個(gè)40L的蓄能器組向系統(tǒng)提供壓力油的液壓能源結(jié)構(gòu)。蓄能器有重力式、彈簧式、活塞式、氣囊式和隔膜式。③ 油箱中的油液應(yīng)平緩迂回流動(dòng)，以利于油液中空氣的分離和污染物的沉淀。冷卻效果比較好的設(shè)備，油箱容量可以選擇小些；對(duì)于固定設(shè)備，空間、面積不受限制的設(shè)備，則應(yīng)采用比較大的容量。⑤ 磁性過濾器在油箱中如果放置幾塊磁鐵，可以吸附油液中一些磁性顆粒，特別是對(duì)吸附那些用其他手段無法濾除的微小磁性顆粒十分有效。 冷卻器分為水冷式和風(fēng)冷式，設(shè)計(jì)中選用的時(shí)水冷式，水冷式又分為多管式，板式，片式，選用的是較常用的多管式。在泵站的裝配中，主要使用焊接時(shí)管接頭連接。系統(tǒng)中各閥集成到一起也便于安裝、調(diào)試和操作。： 液壓阻尼器試驗(yàn)臺(tái)架試驗(yàn)臺(tái)架主要由安裝平臺(tái)、左右支撐立板、左右滑動(dòng)板、兩根導(dǎo)向軸、液壓激振器、位移傳感器、拉壓（力）傳感器、長度調(diào)節(jié)桿、液壓閥塊C等組成。左側(cè)滑板固定兩個(gè)位移傳感器，右側(cè)滑板凸臺(tái)放置力傳感器。隨著控制技術(shù)發(fā)展的不斷發(fā)展，液壓油源控制系統(tǒng)多采用可編程控制器作為控制系統(tǒng)核心，以達(dá)到簡化控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成，提高可靠性。當(dāng)液壓系統(tǒng)壓力異常時(shí)，電控能進(jìn)行保護(hù)和顯示。差動(dòng)式位移傳感器和激振器的活塞軸的運(yùn)動(dòng)同步，將位移信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成電信號(hào)。YR Position Control of An Electro Hydraulic ServoCylinder, Vibration, Control Engineering, Engineering of Industry, 1991，34 (3)： 370376.[21] Fitch, E. C., I. T. Hong, “Computerized Hydraulic System Design and Analysis,” BarDyne, Inc., 1996.[22] Fu K S. Learning Control SystemReview and Outlook. IEEE Trans. . 外文資料 How to ensure that the normal functioning of the hydraulic systemWith the continuous development of science and technology, industrial production increased degree of automation, hydraulic and mechanical control as a professional in an independent disciplines also need to continue with the development and updating. Hyundai Heavy Industries in the hydraulic equipment widely used in largescale production lines and special operations equipment is particularly reflected in the full, hydraulic transmission technology has its unparalleled advantages, this is it to be the main reason for the rapid development, but with this At the same time, hydraulic transmission equipment has its vulnerable side, which is a prominent antipollution low capacity weaknesses, according to the information recorded, hydraulic failure 70% to 80% by the oil pollution caused. To ensure the normal hydraulic system, reliable operation, we must keep the system clean. On the proper use and maintenance of the hydraulic system to ensure that the clean oil is daytoday maintenance of equipment and use of an important work. The hydraulic system of pollution control throughout the hydraulic system for the design, manufacture, installation, use and maintenance of the entire process, the basic content and purpose primarily through pollution prevention and control measures, allowing the system to maintain the degree of pollution in the system of key Pressure ponents within the tolerance of pollution, to achieve a reasonable balance to ensure that the work of the hydraulic system reliability and service life of ponents. The hydraulic system of pollutants equivalent to the total pollutants out the existing system with less invasive system to eliminate pollutants out of pollutants Thus, the hydraulic system of the Oil Pollution Control There are two main measures: First, to prevent pollutants invasive system, two of the oil filter purification system. First, oil pollution on the main hazards are as follows: 1. Wear ponents of the oil pollution of all kinds of pollutants from various forms of wear ponents, solid particles into the gap in the movement of the surface of cutting parts wear or fatigue wear. Highspeed flow of solid particles on the surface ponents of the impact caused erosion. Oil in water and oil degeneration of oxide product ponents to the corrosive effect. In addition, the oil gas in