【正文】 垃圾，垃圾分類收集，垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)，優(yōu)化建議3Research and optimization on campus garbage collector system in a certain universityABSTRACTIn this paper, taking Luoyang institute of science and technology (The east campus) for example, according to the survey on garbage collector system in campus, analyzed the present campus problem of collecting garbage collector system, summarized the status of campus garbage collector system. Statistics of the types and classification of solid waste on campus, the massive facts indicated that waste generated in college campus mainly contain scrap paper, scrap plastic, scrap metals, etc. To carry out the campaign of the classified garbage recovery and utilization in the campus can not only economize resources to realize waste reduction and recycling, but also enhance the consciousness of environmental protection of students. Through to the campus cleaning up, the collection and the transportation process of the campus garbage collector system investigation, can point out the disadvantages of each process and the insufficiency. And, on the basis of the analyzing the characteristics of refuse collection system, presented refuse collection vehicle routing problem according to the existing collection mode of campus solid waste. Finally aimed at the campus solid garbage collector system present situation, synthesized various factor, and put forward the campus waste collector system optimization suggestions.KEY WORDS: Campus garbage，Solid waste classified collection，Garbage collector system，optimization suggestions洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）目 錄第1章 前 言 1 課題研究背景 1 國內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài) 1 課題研究意義及主要內(nèi)容 2第2章 校園垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)狀概況 4 調(diào)查結(jié)果與分析 5 5 6 垃圾類型 8 校園垃圾現(xiàn)狀 9 教學(xué)區(qū)垃圾系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與分析 9 辦公區(qū)垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與分析 10 住宿區(qū)垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與分析 10 家屬區(qū)的垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與分析 11 餐飲區(qū)的垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與分析 11 運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)的垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與分析 12第3章 校園垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)存在的問題與不足 12 校園垃圾分類不明顯 12 垃圾桶設(shè)置不合理 12 垃圾運(yùn)輸車輛不合理 13 垃圾收集車存在的不足 13 垃圾運(yùn)輸車存在的不足 13 垃圾中轉(zhuǎn)站規(guī)劃不合理 13 環(huán)保意識薄弱 13第4章 校園垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化 14 校園垃圾的分類收集 14 合理配置垃圾桶 14 14 辦公區(qū)垃圾桶的優(yōu)化 15 住宿區(qū)垃圾桶的優(yōu)化 15 家屬區(qū)垃圾桶的優(yōu)化 15 餐飲區(qū)垃圾桶的優(yōu)化 16 運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)垃圾桶的優(yōu)化 16 運(yùn)輸車輛優(yōu)化 16 校園垃圾中轉(zhuǎn)站的優(yōu)化 17 校園垃圾收運(yùn)路線的優(yōu)化 17 17 19 19 19 19第5章 校園垃圾分類回收及資源化建議 21，校園垃圾分類回收勢在必行 21 提高垃圾清運(yùn)人員素質(zhì) 21 減少校園垃圾產(chǎn)生量和節(jié)約資源 21 學(xué)校應(yīng)制定有關(guān)垃圾分類的法規(guī) 22結(jié) 論 22謝 辭 24參考文獻(xiàn) 25外文資料翻譯 27洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）第1章 前 言 課題研究背景有人生活的地方就會有垃圾產(chǎn)生。在國外，對垃圾收運(yùn)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的研究主要涉及中轉(zhuǎn)站的設(shè)置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、布點(diǎn)以及垃圾合理流向等問題展開。設(shè)置的采樣點(diǎn)、采樣時(shí)間及采樣頻率直接關(guān)系到調(diào)查結(jié)果數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性。表23 各個(gè)調(diào)查區(qū)垃圾類型調(diào)查區(qū)垃圾類型教學(xué)區(qū)廢塑料袋、塑料杯、廢紙、衛(wèi)生紙、飲料瓶、果皮、辦公區(qū)廢紙、廢塑料袋、住宿區(qū)廢紙與紙箱、塑料袋和塑料包裝、飲料瓶、果皮、衛(wèi)生紙、衣物、家屬區(qū)廢塑料袋與塑料包裝、廢紙和紙箱、廚余、各種飲料瓶、果皮和果核、廢金屬、電池、玻璃、餐飲區(qū)廢塑料袋、塑料杯子、一次性筷子，衛(wèi)生紙、廚余、雞蛋皮、運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)各種飲料瓶、易拉罐、塑料袋、 校園垃圾現(xiàn)狀通過此次調(diào)查結(jié)果，分析發(fā)現(xiàn)校園垃圾具有以下四個(gè)的特征：(1) 校園垃圾產(chǎn)量大。B樓門前設(shè)置的2個(gè)垃圾桶，門口的左右兩邊各一個(gè)，垃圾桶均為鋁質(zhì)的長方體形狀，無分類裝置。故垃圾桶不用每日清運(yùn)，經(jīng)調(diào)查，幾乎為23天清運(yùn)一次。四棟住宿樓的垃圾桶由專門一個(gè)環(huán)衛(wèi)工人負(fù)責(zé)清運(yùn)，每棟宿舍樓輪流清運(yùn)。在餐廳東西兩個(gè)門口，各設(shè)置了一個(gè)圓柱形塑料垃圾桶，容積大約為110 L，垃圾桶幾乎每天吃飯時(shí)間都能填滿，尤其在早上，學(xué)生吃早餐，都是用塑料袋裝早餐，喝的都是用塑料杯子乘的粥，吃過后將塑料袋和塑料杯子丟棄在垃圾桶內(nèi)，故垃圾桶內(nèi)主要成分為塑料袋和塑料杯子，也有少量的雞蛋殼。 垃圾運(yùn)輸車輛不合理 垃圾收集車存在的不足在校園里，有些收集垃圾桶的運(yùn)輸車沒有密封裝置，這就會造成垃圾灑落，形成二次污染。從垃圾的減量化、資源化、無害化管理原則出發(fā)，校園垃圾分類收集具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。故需要將其垃圾桶數(shù)量增加一倍，并且需要將容積為80L的垃圾桶一律換為110 L的垃圾桶。在人流量大的運(yùn)動(dòng)場入口，設(shè)置了容積較大的垃圾桶，可防止在操場上人員過多時(shí)垃圾桶運(yùn)力不足的情況，其余的小型垃圾桶均為有可回收和不可回收分類裝置的垃圾桶，根據(jù)垃圾桶的充盈程度可知，只要做好每周清運(yùn)一次，運(yùn)動(dòng)場的垃圾桶基本可以滿足要求，不需要優(yōu)化。 校園垃圾收運(yùn)路線的優(yōu)化由于學(xué)校各個(gè)區(qū)域功能不同，其垃圾成分有所差異，學(xué)校后勤相關(guān)部門分區(qū)分人管理垃圾的收運(yùn)工作。運(yùn)動(dòng)區(qū)，包括北門新體育場和西門老體育場。另外，為做好校園垃圾收集工作的監(jiān)督和管理工作,學(xué)校還要建立監(jiān)管機(jī)制,發(fā)揮社團(tuán)監(jiān)督作用，對違反學(xué)校垃圾分類工作學(xué)生,應(yīng)給予其教育和疏導(dǎo),使其提高對垃圾分類認(rèn)識和環(huán)保意識。 Operations Research, 1999, 26: 255～270.[14] Luiz S. Ochi, Dalessandro S. Vianna. A parallel evolutionary algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with heterogeneous fleet[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 1998, 14: 285～292.[15] 王康樂,[C].東南大學(xué) 102 周年校慶報(bào)告會論文集，南京：東南大學(xué), [16] 崔 煒,李 飛,[J]. 山西能源與節(jié)能, 2006(3): 16~17 [17] ——以合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)為例[J]. 長春教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2012,28(4): 13113243外文資料翻譯An overview of municipal solid waste management in ChinaXudong Chen a, b,*, Yong Geng b, 1, Tsuyoshi Fujita a a National Research Institute for Environmental Studies, 162 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan b Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR ChinaABSTRACT Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in China warrants particular attention on as China has bee the largest MSW generator in the world and the total amount of MSW it produces continues to increase. In recent years, central and local governments have made great efforts to improve MSWM in China. New regulations and policies have been issued, urban infrastructure has been improved, and mercialization and international cooperation have been encouraged. Considering these developments, an overview is necessary to analyze the current state as well as new opportunities and challenges regarding MSWM in China. This paper shows that since the late 1990s, the amount of MSW collected has been largely decoupled from economic growth and incineration has bee an increasingly widespread treatment for MSW. We identify and discuss four major challenges and barriers related to China’s MSWM, and propose an integrated management framework to improve the overall ecoefficiency of MSWM.1. IntroductionMunicipal solid waste management (MSWM) has been and will continue to be a major issue facing countries worldwide. This holds particularly true for developing countries, where the total amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has increased dramatically due to rapid industrialization and increasing urban population. Meanwhile, with limited resources, only basic technologies for treatment and disposal, and deficient enforcement of relevant regulations, serious problems remain for MSWM in developing countries, especially in regard to safe disposal and recycling of MSW.As the largest developing country, China deserves special attention. According to the World Bank, China produced 190 million metric tons of MSW in 2004 and bee the world’s largest MSW generator. Facing this pressure, China has devoted considerable effort to managing its MSW. Form 1990 to 2004, inves