【正文】 s等邊with equal sides不等邊with unequal sides立方體cube圓柱體cylinder圓椎體cone棱柱體pyramid 材料性能properties of material 尺寸size面積area斷面面積sectional area重心center of gravity重量weight容重density比重specific gravity強度strength solidity柔性flexibility堅固性consistency抵抗矩section modulus慣性矩moment of inertia回轉半徑radius of gyration彈性模量modulus of elasticity 靜力名詞static terms 應力stress力矩moment彎矩bending moment剪力shearing force承壓力bearing pressure強度strength 荷載種類types of loads 設計荷載design load允許荷載permissible load實際荷載actual load恒載dead load活荷載live load外加荷載imposed load風荷載wind load雪荷載snow load檢修荷載repair load輪壓wheel pressure 重要外加荷載important imposed loads 集中荷載point load、single load、concentrated load 均布荷載uniformly distributed load線性荷載line load三角形荷載triangular load塊狀荷載block load遞增荷載,在一定頻率時增加的荷載swelling load，load increasing with a certain frequency附加荷載superimposed load 力forces 荷載 重量load、weight平衡重counterweight平衡equilibrium壓力pressure拉力tension吸力suction摩擦力friction沖擊力impact扭力torsion粘結力bond剪力shear推力thrust壓力pression縱向壓力longitudinal pression力的作用application of force中心centrally偏心eccentrical縱向軸力longitudinal axial force 跨度spans 凈寬clear width凈空clearance跨度span有效高度effective height細長度slenderness全長overall length懸臂長度length of cantilever支座supports自由支座free supports嵌固長度length of restraint固端fixed end restraint拱座橋臺abutment 變形deformations 彎曲bending flexion撓度deflection雙向撓曲deflection in two directions伸展expansion dilatation收縮contraction膨脹swelling縱向彎曲buckling受彎壓曲flexural穩(wěn)定性stabilities抗倒塌穩(wěn)定性stability against collapse抗傾覆穩(wěn)定性stability against tilting抗滑移穩(wěn)定性stability against sliding建筑知識building knowledge組織關系organization scheme 建筑物業(yè)主building owner、promoter、client建筑師architect土木工程師civil engineer預算師quantity surveyor總包main contractor分包subcontractors工長foreman技工qualified man 、skilled man 、journeyman普工unqualified man 、unskilled man建筑技術工人building craftsmen 、building artisans 瓦工bricklayer石工mason混凝土concrete worker鋼筋工rod bender、rod fixer抹灰工plasterer木工carpenter白鐵工sheetmetal worker、tin smith管工plumber電工electrician鐵匠smith 、locksmith細木工joiner五金安裝工ironmonger玻璃工glazier貼磚工tiler鋪地工floor layer油漆工painter裱糊工paperhanger建筑工程building work 挖土工程excavation work混凝土工程concrete work模板工程form work、shuttering work、boxing work鋼筋工程reinforcing work木工工程carpentry work白鐵工程sheetmetal work屋面鋪瓦工程roof tiling work防水工程water proofing work管道工程plumbing work隔熱保溫工程insulating work電氣安裝electrical installation鍛鐵工程blacksmith work抹灰工程plaster work、rendering work細木工程joinery work五金安裝工程ironmongery work玻璃安裝工程glazing work貼磚工程tiling work水磨石工程terrazzo work地面鋪設工程floor laying work油漆工程painting work裱糊工程wallpapering work建筑材料building materials 石灰lime水泥cement石膏gypsum熟石膏plaster of paris砂sand礫石gravel、stone磚brick空心砌塊hollow block木材timber 低碳鋼、軟鋼mild steel瓦roofing tile油氈roofing felt鋼筋reinforcing鋼管steel pipe隔熱保溫材料insulation material油灰膠泥putty 、mastic面磚石板tile、slate涂料（指一般油漆）paint壁紙wallpaper標高levels 基準標高datum elevation板面、梁面等無面層的結構面標高top of slab、top of beam、etc level lf structure without finish面層頂面，有面層的結構面標高top of finish、level of structure with finish樓地面標高finished floor level二層樓板標高floor slab板底標高soffit頂面標高top level底面標高bottom level縫joins 原漿勾縫jointed平縫butt joint凹縫open jointV型縫splayed joint伸縮縫expansion joint密封條sealing strip fugenband突出protruding projecting平齊flush bundig凹進recessed切口rebate rabbet榫槽groove直榫tongue企口連接tongued and grooved壁凹與孔洞recesses and openings 洞口opening墻洞wall opening開通的open throughout樓板洞floor opening壁凹recess不開通的not open throughout凹口pocket洞孔mortice、mortise預留欄桿洞form mortices for balusters暗線槽conduit地溝duct溝槽channel墻槽wall conduit凹槽groove地槽floor duct直線與斜線straight and skew 平的plane斜的skew直的straight錐形的tapered斜坡slope作出坡度laid to falls爐渣混凝土breeze concrete圓陰角coving圓陽角arris rounded倒角splay一個波段a corrugation波峰top of corrugation波谷valley of corrugation技術名詞縮寫some technical abbreviations . reinforced concrete. precast concrete. mild steel. galvanized iron. cast iron. asbestos cement. alternating current. direct current三相電 three phase current總長O/A overall length中至中CC’S from center to center剖面通過SEC’THRO’ section through概述general 地點stand基址plot地產estate場地site吊裝erection建筑物的吊裝erection of a building機器安裝installation of a machine廠房建成implementation of a plant拆毀damages 倒塌 collapse傾覆tilting裂縫crack發(fā)霉mould、fungus泛堿efflorescence蒙灰及煙熏dust and soot翹曲warp雜項sundries 竣工wrought wrot鍛造beim schmied細木做beim schreiner粗木作beim Zimmermann上梁宴請，封頂儀式toppingout ceremony roof wetting party防護proof防水water proof防濕moisture proof防潮damp proof防蒸汽steam proof防水汽vapour proof氣密airtight防蟲vermin proof隔聲sound proof其他miscellaneous 界限margin旁注marginal notes層ply二層two ply三層threeply可移動的可拆卸的removable demountable格珊grating顆粒分級grading樣板template gauge小間cubicle booth廁所間toilet cubicle出納間teller’s booth電話間telephone box小冊子pamphlet散葉leaflet說明書prospectus安裝說明fixing instructions建筑工地building site 工地測量survey of site工地抄平leveling of site基準橫檔sight rail龍門板batter board建筑用水準儀builder’s level經緯儀theodolite釘龍門板pegging of batter boards準線wire木樁peg建筑工作building operations現場管理site supervision工地設施site installations 施工道路site road builder’road臨時接水temporary water connection儲倉筒倉storage bin、silo工地辦公室site office工房barracks工地食堂site canteen工地試驗室field laboratory工地清理site cleanup job cleanup建筑機械building machinery 落錘drop hammer 履帶式裝載機crawlerloader鏟shovel挖掘機excavator shovel動力鏟power shovel起重臂boom jib戽斗bucket履帶caterpillar track反鏟backacting shovel挖泥機dredger抓斗grab grabbing bucket混凝土攪拌機concrete mixer混凝土攪拌廠concrete plant泵pump離心泵centrifugal pump噴漿機guniting machine壓路機roller起重機cranes旋轉塔式起重機rotating tower crane懸臂式起重機saddle ji