【正文】 we must promote the advanced AC frequency variation speed control technique positively, arms the traditional industry with the advanced equipment, promote a further development in the automation, the industrialization and the informationization.2 Our Country’s Development Condition in Speed Controlled TechniqueOur country is a developing country, so many product’s research ability has behind the developed countries. From now on, the product of frequency variation speed controlled that ourselves made only act for last century 90s in the international. With the reform and opening, rapid development of economic, forms a large market, it opens to the country panies, also the foreign panies. Many products are exported from the developed countries, and runs well in our country, satisfied our need in fabrication and living. Many copartership panies in our country make the international advanced products. The domestic plete department independently is designing the manufacture in the plete set installment to use the foreign import pany and the joint venture supposes advanced each, own develop the application software, can provide the firstclass electrical transmission control system for the domestic and foreign important engineering project. Although obtains very many result, but should see because domestic develops, the production product ability voluntarily is weak, is serious to the overseas pany39。經(jīng)驗法又叫現(xiàn)場湊試法，它不需要進行事先的計算和實驗，而是根據(jù)運行經(jīng)驗，利用一組經(jīng)驗參數(shù)，根據(jù)反應(yīng)曲線的效果不斷地改變參數(shù)，對于溫度控制系統(tǒng)，工程上已經(jīng)有大量的經(jīng)驗，其規(guī)律如下表所示： 實驗湊試法的整定步驟為先比例，再積分，最后微分。積分項Kc*（Ts/Ti）*（SPnPVn）+Mx：與偏差有關(guān)，只要偏差不為0，PID控制的輸出就會因積分作用而不斷變化，直到偏差消失，系統(tǒng)處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，所以積分的作用是消除穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差，提高控制精度，但積分的動作較慢，給系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)穩(wěn)定帶來不良影響，很少單獨使用。 WinCC flexible的組件 flexible工程系統(tǒng) WinCC flexible工程系統(tǒng)是用于處理所有基本組態(tài)任務(wù)的軟件。利用工具條中的“狀態(tài)圖顯示”按鈕，可對輸入的地址進行重新排列。（1） 同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)的所有編程元件都必須且只能用梯形圖上的連線連接，僅通過主母線連接的程序塊不能編寫在同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)中。HMI軟件一般分為兩部分，即運行于 HMI硬件中的系統(tǒng)軟件和運行于PC機Windows操作系統(tǒng)下的畫面組態(tài)軟件（如wincc flexible畫面組態(tài)軟件）。它與控制電路隔離使主電路器件導(dǎo)通、關(guān)斷。其中控制電路完成對主電路的控制，整流電路將交流電變換成直流電，直流中間電路對整流電路的輸出進行平滑濾波，逆變電路將直流電再逆變成交流電。 ： CPU 221~226各有2種類型CPU，具有不同的電源電壓和控制電壓。等所有的用戶程序執(zhí)行完畢之后，最后將I/O映象區(qū)的各輸出狀態(tài)或輸出寄存器內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù)傳送到相應(yīng)的輸出裝置，如此循環(huán)運行，直到停止運行。個人計算機發(fā)展起來后，為了方便和反映可編程控制器的功能特點，可編程序控制器定名為Programmable Logic Controller（PLC）。即： ()轉(zhuǎn)差率是異步電動機的一個重要的物理量。 （） 三相異步電動機定子接線 當(dāng)wt=00時，AX繞組中無電流；為負，BY繞組中的電流從Y流入B1流出；為正，CZ繞組中的電流從C流入Z流出；（a）所示。 1．三相異步電動機的構(gòu)造 三相異步電動機的兩個基本組成部分為定子（固定部分）和轉(zhuǎn)子（旋轉(zhuǎn)部分）。目錄題目： 三相異步電動機轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)角控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 2013年6月1日0 摘 要 本文介紹三相異步電動機基于西門子S7200系列PLC的變頻調(diào)速與轉(zhuǎn)角控制方法。此外還有端蓋、風(fēng)扇等附屬部分。當(dāng)wt=1200時，BY繞組中無電流；為正，AX繞組中的電流從A流入X流出；為負，CZ繞組中的電流從Z流入C流出；（b）所示。當(dāng)旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場以同步轉(zhuǎn)速n0開始旋轉(zhuǎn)時，轉(zhuǎn)子則因機械慣性尚未轉(zhuǎn)動，轉(zhuǎn)子的瞬間轉(zhuǎn)速n=0，這時轉(zhuǎn)差率S=1。20世紀70年代中末期，可編程控制器進入實用化發(fā)展階段，計算機技術(shù)已全面引入可編程控制器中，使其功能發(fā)生了飛躍。為了進一步提高PLC的可靠性，對大型PLC還采用雙CPU構(gòu)成冗余系統(tǒng)，或采用三CPU的表決式系統(tǒng)。 ： CPU 221具有6個輸入點和4個輸出點，CPU 222具有8個輸入點和6個輸出點，CPU 224具有14個輸入點和10個輸出點。對于如矢量控制變頻器這種需要大量運算的變頻器來說，有時還需要一個進行轉(zhuǎn)矩計算的CPU以及一些相應(yīng)的電路 。 　?。?）速度檢測電路:以裝在異步電動機軸機上的速度檢測器(tg、plg等)的信號為速度信號，送入運算回路，根據(jù)指令和運算可使電動機按指令速度運轉(zhuǎn)。使用者都必須先使用HMI的畫面組態(tài)軟件制作“工程文件”，再通過PC機和HMI 產(chǎn)品的串行通訊口，把編制好的“工程文件”下載到HMI的處理器中運行。（2） 為了減少程序中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)、簡化程序、方便程序閱讀與注釋，有時需要將相互關(guān)聯(lián)的程序塊組合到同一網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，這時應(yīng)通過狀態(tài)恒為“1”，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中建立一條子母線來連接不同的程序塊。信號的狀態(tài)將在狀態(tài)圖的“現(xiàn)行值”欄中顯示。WinCC flexible版本決定了在SIMATIC HMI系列中可以組態(tài)哪些HMI設(shè)備。積分時間常數(shù)Ti增大，積分作用越強，消除穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差的速度減慢。 （1）整定比例控制 將比例控制作用由小變到大，觀察各次響應(yīng)，直至得到反應(yīng)快、超調(diào)小的響應(yīng)曲線。s dependence.As early as in the country 85 technical attack plan, the alternating velocity modulation technique was listed as the key technical attack project, but because our country’s electric power and electronic device aggregate level is very low, although the production of IGBT、GTO ponent has introduced the overseas technique, it has not formed the economies of scale benefit, almost does not have the independent development ability of new frequency converter production, this has affected the domestic frequency conversion velocity modulation technique development in the certain degree. In the high efficiency ACAC frequency convert technique、the motors without mutator technique and so on, the domestic product also has the suitable disparity in the digitization and the system reliable aspect pares with the overseas level, in the medium efficiency frequency convert technique, nearly all productions use ordinary V/F control inland, few adopt the vector control technique, and can not satisfied the market requirement in the variety and quality. But in overseas, the frequency conversion technique obtains the full development, and has obtained the remarkable achievement in each aspect. In power ponent aspect, high voltage、the appearance of SCR、GTO、IGBT、IGCT with high current capacity and the using in series and parallel, the highpressured and high efficiency frequency converter production obtains the production and the promoted application. In microelectronic technique aspect, 16bit and 32bit high speed microprocessors as well as the fast development of DSP and ASIC technique, provided the hardware method in realizing the frequency converter which with high accuracy multipurpose. In theory aspect, the vector control, the magnetic flux control, the torque control, the intelligent control, the new control theory and so on have provided the related rationale for the high performance frequency converter development, we may see that, in the overall, the alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique in our country has big disparity pares with international level.Therefore, the AC frequency variation speed control technique has the following sides:1) The basic research of control strategy in frequency converter has a large gap pares with the foreign level.2) The technical level of the whole machine is low in the frequency converter, although we had input certainly people, material resources, but because of the disperse power, did not form a certainly techn