【正文】 ress the relationship between the profit and the longterm capital. Calculation formula: Attention: longterm capital includes share capital, reserves and longterm loans. ROSF measures the returns achieved by ordinary shareholders ROCE measures the returns achieved from all the longterm capital Profitability ratios(獲利能力比率 2) profit margin（ 銷售凈利率） Definition: It relates the profit for the period to the sales during the period. Calculation formula: Function: to distinguish different types of business, such as a supermarket is often on low profit margins but a jewel business is often on a high profit margins. gross profit margin（ 銷售毛利率） Definition: It relates the gross profit of the business to the sales during the same period. Calculation formula: Mainly used for retailing and manufacturing business Efficiency ratios（ 資產(chǎn)管理效率比率） Average stock turnover period（ 存貨周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)） It measures the average number of days for which stocks are being held. Average settlement period for debtors（ 應(yīng)收帳款周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)） It measures how long credit customers take to pay the amounts which they own the business. Average settlement period for creditors（ 應(yīng)付帳款周轉(zhuǎn)天數(shù)） It measures how long the business takes to pay its trade creditors. Sales capital employed ratio（ 長期資本周轉(zhuǎn)率） It measures how effective the longterm capital has been in generating sales revenue. Sales per employee（ 單位員工銷售額） It me