【正文】 en somehow recorded in his or her brain. Professor Ok, uh... the first kind of memory, we39。題目僅需要考生利用聽力信息內(nèi)容闡述說明閱讀部分中出現(xiàn)的學(xué)術(shù)理論即可。 ? LISTENING PART 在聽力部分中 ，會 有一名教授針對閱讀部分中出現(xiàn)的學(xué)術(shù)理論進(jìn)行講解并舉例說明 。答題時可以從 P/R1/R2 開始作答，但最好將reading 部分內(nèi)容控制在２５秒之內(nèi)，最后，一定要超時！ 第四 題答題模板 ? LISTENING PART The professor gives us one/two examples to illustrate... 或者題目變序 TOPICS OF TPO 24 TPO1 Groupthink TPO2 Social Interaction TPO3 Cognitive Dissonance TPO4 Verbal and Nonverbal Communication TPO5 Target Marketing TPO6 Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories TPO7 Behavior Modification TPO8 Revealing Coloration TPO9 The Establishing Shot TPO10 Entertainment merchandising TPO11 Outsider Art TPO12 Subliminal Perception TPO13 Perceptual Constancy TPO14 Comfort Zone Bias TPO15 Experimenter Effect TPO16 Social Loafing TPO17 Ritualization TPO18 Relict Behavior TPO19 Social Learning TPO20 Franchising TPO21 Questioning Awareness of Effect TPO22 Irrational Commitment TPO23 Reference Groups TPO24 Flagship Species TPO1 Groupthink One process by which groups may make bad or irrational decisions is known as group think. Individual members of a group attempt to conform their opinions to what they believe to be the group consensus even though the result may be negative. There are many reasons why groupthink happens. These include the desire to be liked, fear of losing a job, or even not wanting to be the one empolyee delaying a decision that seems inevitable. These kinds of implicit pressures to conform lead group members to ultimately make decisions that each, by himself or herself, might normally not make. Professor TPO2 Social Interaction People deal with each other every day. This interaction is at the heart of social life. The study of social interaction is concerned with the influence people have over one another39。ll see plenty of billboards you know roadside advertisements. You certainly don’t remember them all. But they still affect you. Marketing researchers have shown, well, to be specific, let39。pig39。ll also learn that when they raise their hand to talk to the teacher and sit quietly and pay attention during class, they are rewarded. The teacher tells them she is proud of them, and maybe puts little happy face stickers on their homework. Now that their behavior gets a good reaction from the teacher, the kids learn to always act this way in class and not behave the way they used to. TPO8 Revealing Coloration Many animals use coloration to protect themselves from predators. One defensive strategy involving the use of coloration is what is known as revealing coloration. Animals employing this strategy have an area of bright color on some part of their body。s expectations affect the oute of the experiment. The researcher expects a particular result from the experiment, and that expectation causes the researcher to act in ways that influence the behavior of the experiment participants, thereby invalidating the results of the experiment. Professor For example, I recently read about a case in which a researcher was given two groups of monkeys. And he was asked to train these monkeys to pick up a ball and put it in a box. And he was told to record how many hours he took to。t like that. Soon they39。. What do you think they39。s take an example from the world of advertising. When you39。 ? ANSWERING PART 第四題對 reading 部分信息使用的靈活性為保分高分提供了可能。 ? READING PART 在閱讀部分中 ， 會出現(xiàn)一篇學(xué)術(shù)類文章，涉及心理學(xué)，生物學(xué)，教育學(xué)等諸多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域 。一般來講 D 出現(xiàn)的位置常常會伴有信號詞 出現(xiàn) ，如suggest, known as, is 等。s dinner. So, um, if I ask you 39。. They honestly don39。Panther39。s television show may result in the marketing of toys that are designed to look like characters in the show. Or the situation may be reversed when a children39。s attacked, it suddenly opens its back wings and out pop these big bright colors. And that surprises the predator and gives the peanut bug a chance to get away. Um and then you have a butterfly called the Morpho Butterfly, and parts of the morpho butterfly39。, but they don39。Panther39。t give up video games. I was pletely torn. And my solution was to...to change my perspective. See, the only class I was doing really badly in was chemistry. In the others, I was...l was ok. So I asked myself, if I wanted to be a chemist when I grew up, and the fact is I didn39。 整理思路 — 快速理清答題重點(diǎn)的邏輯順序。 ? ANSWERING PART 在答題部分 中，首先會有 10s 左右的讀題時間，然后是 30s 的準(zhǔn)備時間， 最后是 60s 的答題時間。 work is affected by their knowledge that they are visible to others, that the presence of others tends to alter the way people behave or perform an activity. Professor OK, so we said that the way we interact with others has an impact on our behavior. In fact, there’s some interesting research to suggest that in one type of interaction when we’re being observed specifically, when we know we’re being watched as we perform some activity we tend to increase the speed at which we perform that activity. In one study, college students were asked to each put on a pair of shoesshoes with laces they would have to tie. Now one group of students was told that they would be observed. The second group, however, didn’t know they were being observed. The students who were aware that they were being watched actually tied their shoes much faster than the students who thought they were alone. Other studies confirm the same is true even when we’re learning new activities. Let’s say someone is learning a new task for example, learning how to type. When they’re conscious of being observed, they’ll likely begin typing at a much faster rate than they would if they were alone. But, and this is interesting, the study also showed that certain mon behavior things people typically do, like...making mistakes when you’re learning something new that behavior pattern will also increase. So in other word