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英語語法大全(精心整理)(留存版)

2025-05-22 01:23上一頁面

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【正文】 een to the house.   他買了幢房子?! ?如:John39。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下: 1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加39?!  ?比較: Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一種食物。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞,如:book,sadness等。   b. news 是不可數(shù)名詞?! our freedoms 四大自由   the four modernizations四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化  物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量。 struggle 工人的斗爭(zhēng)。英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article),另一種是不定冠詞(the Indefinite Article),還有一種是零冠詞(Zero Article)。s the very thing I39?! ?He raises a black and white cat.  他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。分子大于1時(shí),分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù):  1/3 onethird ; 3/37 three and threesevenths.代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類?!∥?、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞,有each other 和one another兩組,但在運(yùn)用中,這兩組詞沒什么區(qū)別。說明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如:  When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.  約翰一到就直接去銀行了。 注意:在動(dòng)詞be 或to be 后的人稱代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定?!?名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的 39?!?) 作表語; 同位語   be oneself: I am not myself today.  我今天不舒服?! . 相互代詞可加39。(those指物)1) 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.    我過去懂拉丁語,現(xiàn)在大都忘了。   Who can speak Japanese?  We both (all) can.  4) neither 兩者都不  a. neither作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?!?2) 當(dāng)做某一解時(shí),也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個(gè),而it 與所指名詞為同一個(gè)?!?第二句定語從句與the one 一致?!  ach man is not honest. 這兒每個(gè)人都不誠(chéng)實(shí)?!∽⒁猓篴ll與none用法一樣。例如:hot 熱的。本題考查多個(gè)形容詞的排序問題?!   ?I don39?! ?the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.   The English have wonderful sense of humor.多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋骸?限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) 出處材料性質(zhì),類別名詞   a small round table   a tall gray building   a dirty old brown shirt   a famous German medical school   an expensive Japanese sports car典型例題:1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.   A. little two other B. two little other  C. two other little  D. little other two  答案:C。固定搭配:  only a few (=few)  not a few (=many)  quite a few (=many)  many a (=many)  Many books were sold.   Many a book was sold.    賣出了許多書?!?All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都謝了?! ?Every student has to take one.   Each boy has to take one.   Each of the boys has to take one.4) every不可以作狀語,each可作狀語?!?) 一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。五、one, ones 為復(fù)數(shù)形式  ones必須和形容詞連用?!     ?  Are there any pictures on the wall? None.  2) none作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可?!  ll還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用,如 all China, all the city, all my life, all the way  3)  both 都,指兩者。在限定性定語從句中,that 可指人也可指物,見表:      限定性   非限定性    限定性      指 人   指  物   指人或指物主 格   who    which     that賓 格   whom    that     that屬 格   whose  of which/whose  of which/whose  例如:  This is the pencil whose point is broken.   這就是那個(gè)折了尖的鉛筆。(this指物,可作賓語) 說明2:  That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較: (對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。 說明:傳統(tǒng)語法認(rèn)為,相互關(guān)系存在于兩個(gè)人或物之間用each other, 存在于兩個(gè)以上人和物之間用one another?! ?Please help yourself to some fish.  請(qǐng)你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚?!  . 在長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩,長(zhǎng)官對(duì)下屬說話時(shí),如長(zhǎng)官為第一人稱, 如:I and you try to finish it.   c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí),   d. 當(dāng)其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時(shí)。    He is taller than I/me.    He is taller than I am.2) 主格代替賓格  a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞(通稱為先行詞)。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等?! ?b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (amount,length…) of…    The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍?!?)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無冠詞;by bus,by train;  10)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞;如:  school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個(gè)體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義;    go to hospital  去醫(yī)院看病    go to the hospital  去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的) 11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞; a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞  b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞  He came first in the race. c. 在固定詞組中  at (the) first,first of all,  from first to last+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)1) 兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西。the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人。s room(一間) 6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語,39。s bag 男孩的書包,men39?!  his factory produces steel. (不可數(shù))   We need various steels. (可數(shù))  c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí),可數(shù)。  a meter, two meters  3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。目錄 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 10+名詞結(jié)構(gòu) 11 11 11 12 1賓格的替換 14 15 15 16 16 16 17 18 19 20 , no, all, both, neither, nor 21, few, some, any, one, ones 22 one,that 和it 23 23“the”的妙用 23;no one/none;every/each 24, either, neither, all, any, none 24, much 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as 30 + than 30 31,old 和 far 32 + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍 32 33 33 34 35 36 36 37 38 38 3賓語和表語 397動(dòng)詞不定式 40 40 41 4239。   如: people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。   Our country is famous for tea.    我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。s room 男廁所。s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。 the living 生者?! ?He raises a black and a white cat.  他養(yǎng)了一只黑貓和一只白貓?! ?c. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+ than…   The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.   今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%?! ∪纾?That is a good idea.   那是個(gè)好主意?! ∪纾?He is the man whom you have been looking for.  他就是你要找的那個(gè)人。  b. 在電話用語中常用主格。1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如:   John had cut his finger?!?b. 用于及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞   take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.   I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那個(gè)時(shí)候我不能打扮我自己?,F(xiàn)代英語中,兩組詞交替使用的實(shí)例也很多,例如:   He put all the books beside each other.    他把所有書并列擺放起來。 (對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。  (whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語)    He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回來取他丟下的書?!?a. both 與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,但 both… and…可與單數(shù)名詞連用。但如做表語,則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語一致。如果替代的名詞時(shí)無形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不 用ones?!?) 泛指別的人或物時(shí),用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部時(shí),也用others。5) every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒有?!?I don39。形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。由限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞(大小,長(zhǎng)短,形狀,新舊,顏色) 性質(zhì)名詞的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。t know him well enough.     There is enough food for everyone to eat.     There is food enough for everyone to eat.1) close與closely  close意思是近; closely 意思是仔細(xì)地    H。3) How
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